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Open Access 01-03-2022 | Alzheimer's Disease | Original Contribution

Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds

Authors: Jessica Samuelsson, Jenna Najar, Ola Wallengren, Silke Kern, Hanna Wetterberg, Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Lauren Lissner, Elisabet Rothenberg, Ingmar Skoog, Anna Zettergren

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 2/2022

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia.

Methods

Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992–93, or 2000–02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.g., vegetables, fruit, and fish) and one western (e.g., red meat, refined cereals, and full-fat dairy products). Genetic risk was determined by APOE ε4 status and non-APOE AD-polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs). Gene–diet interactions in relation to incident dementia were analysed with Cox regression models. The interaction p value threshold was < 0.1.

Results

There were interactions between the dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia (interaction p value threshold of < 0.1), while no evidence of interactions were found between the dietary patterns and the AD-PRSs. Those with higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern had a reduced risk of dementia among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.98), but not among ε4 carriers (HR: 0.86; CI: 0.63; 1.18). Those with a higher adherence to the western dietary pattern had an increased risk of dementia among ε4 carriers (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.78), while no association was observed among ε4 non-carriers (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.81; 1.21).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that there is an interplay between dietary patterns and APOE ε4 status in relation to incident dementia.

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Title: Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds
Authors: Jessica Samuelsson
Jenna Najar
Ola Wallengren
Silke Kern
Hanna Wetterberg
Madeleine Mellqvist Fässberg
Henrik Zetterberg
Kaj Blennow
Lauren Lissner
Elisabet Rothenberg
Ingmar Skoog
Anna Zettergren
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia
Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02688-9

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