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Open Access 01-06-2019 | Alzheimer's Disease | Nutrition and Aging (Y Gu, Section Editor)

Diet and Inflammation in Cognitive Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease

Authors: Andrea M. McGrattan, Bernadette McGuinness, Michelle C. McKinley, Frank Kee, Peter Passmore, Jayne V. Woodside, Claire T. McEvoy

Published in: Current Nutrition Reports | Issue 2/2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Nutrition is known to modulate the immune system and may alter neuroinflammatory processes implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and progression of neurodegeneration. Here, we review the evidence for healthy dietary patterns and age-related cognition and discuss potential neuroinflammatory actions of diet on cognitive function.

Recent Findings

Anti-inflammatory dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) may be neuroprotective. Several dietary components consumed in the MD and DASH (omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and polyphenols) can inhibit neuroinflammation associated with AD. Anti-inflammatory diets may also attenuate neuroinflammation via indirect immune pathways from the gut microbiome and systemic circulation.

Summary

Diet may influence cognitive ageing via several inflammatory pathways. However, data from human studies are lacking and the exact mechanisms linking diet to cognitive function remain elusive. Further dietary intervention studies are required to investigate diet-associated neurological change from the earliest through to latest stages of cognitive decline. Furthermore, incorporation of neuroimaging measures in intervention studies would advance current understanding of the mechanistic effects of dietary modification on neuroinflammation in the ageing brain.

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Title: Diet and Inflammation in Cognitive Ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Andrea M. McGrattan
Bernadette McGuinness
Michelle C. McKinley
Frank Kee
Peter Passmore
Jayne V. Woodside
Claire T. McEvoy
Publication date: 01-06-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
Hypertension
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Hypertension
Published in: Current Nutrition Reports / Issue 2/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2161-3311
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0271-4

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