CTE is a degenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head trauma. This case follows a former professional football player with short-term memory deficits at 69 years through to diagnosis with CTE at 82 years.
How should you react to an acute MI immediately after a craniotomy for tumor resection? Management of such patients requires carefully balancing the competing risks of myocardial ischemia and postoperative bleeding.
Late orbital radiotherapy combined with intravenous methylprednisolone successfully treated a patient with recurrent and long-lasting unilateral reactivating Graves’ orbitopathy.
Assessing heart failure progression in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is challenging due to the multisystem nature of the disease. This is the first use of an implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor.
In the most common subtypes of autoimmune limbic encephalitis, existing biomarkers often display unspecific and subtle changes. But [18F]DPA-714-PET-MRI shows potential as a direct imaging marker of neuroinflammation.
HC-HB is a rare movement disorder that can occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis. The mainstay of treatment is prompt correction of hyperglycemia.
In a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction, exteriorization surgery revealed blue coloring of the catheter, indicating bacterial colonization. This phenomenon has been seen in urinary infections but not CNS pathologies.
In generalized myasthenia gravis, debilitating muscle weakness can escalate to a crisis, requiring invasive ventilation for respiratory failure. Ravulizumab successfully treated a patient in severe crisis who was resistant to multiple standard therapies.
Headache is relatively common in patients after stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, but this is the first report of nummular headache.
Hydrocephalus is a rare complication of neurosarcoidosis, usually requiring prompt high-dose IV corticosteroids and neurosurgical treatment. Neurosurgery can have severe complications, but select cases may be eligible for drug treatment only.
In abrupt onset of cognitive impairment, seizures, or focal neurological deficits, particularly cases with underlying lesions or following procedures carrying a risk of air induction, cerebral air embolism could be the culprit.
Osteomas are benign tumors containing cortical and cancellous bone tissues. 18 years after a head trauma, a huge osteoma was discovered following a month of headaches, syncope episodes, and blurred vision.
Procedural stroke is a major complication of cardiac catheterization and endovascular procedures, and recognizing the signs is crucial. In this case, internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused blurred vision, diplopia, and dizziness on lateral gaze.
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is the most common extracranial cancer metastasis to existing brain tumors, whereas a rare form is metastasis infiltrating tumor. In this case, a lung cancer tumor metastasized adjacent to and partially infiltrated an existing meningioma.
Hypertensive urgency and echolalia were the most striking symptoms of memantine overdose in an elderly man with mild dementia and hypertension. Early medication review with caregivers of people with dementia is key.
An unusual case in which a massive subarachnoid hemorrhage was caused by the rupture of a middle cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm. A metallic object was found embedded in the vessel wall.
A 31-year-old woman taking oral contraceptives presented with repetitive ischemic strokes before a patent foramen ovale was detected and closed. The dual risk of an undiagnosed PFO and common use of oral contraceptives should be considering in young women presenting with stroke symptoms.
CIE is a rare complication of angiography and is usually transient and reversible. Early diagnosis is challenging as CIE mimics stroke. This patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage experienced CIE after an embolization procedure for an intracranial aneurysm.
Mpox infection can have a range of symptoms, including CNS complications such as seizures, confusion, and encephalitis. In this case, PCR of the CSF was negative for the virus, but intrathecal antibody production confirmed the diagnosis.
A unique and subtle presentation of brachial plexopathy highlights the need to explore the possibility of diaphragmatic paralysis in cases of new-onset orthopnea.
