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Published in: Autoimmunity Highlights 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Multiple Sclerosis | Review

Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, clinical relevance and treatment options

Authors: Athina Andravizou, Efthimios Dardiotis, Artemios Artemiadis, Maria Sokratous, Vasileios Siokas, Zisis Tsouris, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Ioannis Nikolaidis, Christos Bakirtzis, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Georgia Deretzi, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou

Published in: Autoimmunity Highlights | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by focal or diffuse inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and neurodegeneration. Brain atrophy can be seen in the earliest stages of MS, progresses faster compared to healthy adults, and is a reliable predictor of future physical and cognitive disability. In addition, it is widely accepted to be a valid, sensitive and reproducible measure of neurodegeneration in MS. Reducing the rate of brain atrophy has only recently been incorporated as a critical endpoint into the clinical trials of new or emerging disease modifying drugs (DMDs) in MS. With the advent of easily accessible neuroimaging softwares along with the accumulating evidence, clinicians may be able to use brain atrophy measures in their everyday clinical practice to monitor disease course and response to DMDs. In this review, we will describe the different mechanisms contributing to brain atrophy, their clinical relevance on disease presentation and course and the effect of current or emergent DMDs on brain atrophy and neuroprotection.
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Metadata
Title
Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, clinical relevance and treatment options
Authors
Athina Andravizou
Efthimios Dardiotis
Artemios Artemiadis
Maria Sokratous
Vasileios Siokas
Zisis Tsouris
Athina-Maria Aloizou
Ioannis Nikolaidis
Christos Bakirtzis
Georgios Tsivgoulis
Georgia Deretzi
Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Autoimmunity Highlights / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 2038-0305
Electronic ISSN: 2038-3274
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13317-019-0117-5

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