Circular RNA circHIPK3 Activates Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Pathway in Gouty Arthritis via Sponging miR-561 and miR-192

Increasing evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating gene expressions in various diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in inflammatory response of gouty arthritis remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of circHIPK3 in inflammatory response of gouty arthritis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of circHIPK3, miR-192 and miR-561. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) related proteins, and Caspase-1. Dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, and FISH assay were used to confirm the interaction between circHIPK3 and miR-192/miR-561. ELISA was used to detect interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. circHIPK3 was elevated in synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) from patients with gouty arthritis and monosodium urate (MSU)-stimulated THP-1 cells. circHIPK3 overexpression promoted the inflammatory cytokines levels in MSU-stimulated THP-1 cells, and circHIPK3 silencing obtained the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circHIPK3 sponged miR-192 and miR-561, and subsequently promoted the expressions of miR-192 and miR-561 target gene TLR4 and NLRP3. In vivo experiments confirmed circHIPK3 knockdown suppressed gouty arthritis. circHIPK3 sponges miR-192 and miR-561 to promote TLR4 and NLRP3 expressions, thereby promoting inflammatory response in gouty arthritis.