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Open Access 01-03-2022 | Insulins | Original Contribution

Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial

Authors: Lisa Dicks, Linda Jakobs, Miriam Sari, Reinhard Hambitzer, Norbert Ludwig, Marie-Christine Simon, Peter Stehle, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Hans-Peter Helfrich, Jenny Ahlborn, Martin Rühl, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Sabine Ellinger

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 2/2022

Abstract

Purpose

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesized that fortifying a meal with mushrooms rich in β-glucans may diminish glucose and triglyceride responses by improving postprandial gastrointestinal hormone release.

Methods

In a randomized controlled crossover study, 22 subjects with IGT ingested a meal either enriched with 20 g powder (8.1 g β-glucans) of oven-dried Pleurotus ostreatus (enriched meal, EN) or without enrichment (control meal, CON). Blood was collected before and repeatedly within 4 h after the meal to determine AUC of glucose (primary outcome), insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite sensations (hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed before and after meal consumption by visual analog scales.

Results

Postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, GIP and ghrelin concentrations as well as the corresponding AUCs did not differ between EN and CON. NEFAs-AUC was 14% lower (P = 0.026) and GLP-1-AUC 17% higher (P = 0.001) after EN compared to CON. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, except for hunger (AUC 22% lower after EN vs. CON; P = 0.031).

Conclusion

The observed immediate postprandial metabolic changes indicate that an easily manageable fortification of a single meal with powder from dried oyster mushrooms as β-glucan source may improve postprandial metabolism. If the effect is preserved long term, this measure can diminish the risk for further development of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT.

Clinical trial registration

German Clinical Trial Register on 09/08/2018; trial-ID: DRKS00015244.

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Title: Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Lisa Dicks
Linda Jakobs
Miriam Sari
Reinhard Hambitzer
Norbert Ludwig
Marie-Christine Simon
Peter Stehle
Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
Hans-Peter Helfrich
Jenny Ahlborn
Martin Rühl
Bolette Hartmann
Jens J. Holst
Sabine Ellinger
Publication date: 01-03-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Insulins
Insulins
Published in: European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02674-1

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