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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Central Nervous System Trauma | Review

The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target

Authors: William T. O’Brien, Louise Pham, Georgia F. Symons, Mastura Monif, Sandy R. Shultz, Stuart J. McDonald

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of TBI. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a necessary component of the innate immune response to tissue damage, and dysregulated inflammasome activity has been implicated in a number of neurological conditions. This paper introduces the NLRP3 inflammasome and its implication in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory-related conditions, with a particular focus on TBI. Although its role in TBI has only recently been identified, findings suggest that priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are upregulated following TBI. Moreover, recent studies utilizing specific NLRP3 inhibitors have provided further evidence that this inflammasome is a major driver of neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances following TBI. In addition, there is emerging evidence that circulating inflammasome-associated proteins may have utility as diagnostic biomarkers of neuroinflammatory conditions, including TBI. Finally, novel and promising areas of research will be highlighted, including the potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mild TBI, how factors such as biological sex may affect NLRP3 activity in TBI, and the use of emerging biomarker platforms. Taken together, this review highlights the exciting potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for treatments and biomarkers that may ultimately be used to improve TBI management.
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Metadata
Title
The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target
Authors
William T. O’Brien
Louise Pham
Georgia F. Symons
Mastura Monif
Sandy R. Shultz
Stuart J. McDonald
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5

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