Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects brain areas with higher metabolic rates and active myelination processes [ 1 ]. HIE is associated with low neurodevelopmental outcomes and mortality rates up to $$6\%$$ 6 % [ 2 – 6 ]. In severe …

Uterine abnormalities may be overlooked in women with successful reproductive outcomes, but one study estimated that, even in women with normal pregnancy outcomes, the incidence of congenital uterine anomalies is approximately 3%. The likelihood …

Common mental disorder (CMD) is a gross name for physical, mental, and social disturbances used to describe a range of symptoms like depression, anxiety, or somatic manifestations [ 1 ]. It has adverse economic, social and psychological …

Acute malnutrition (AM) is a public health problem worldwide, predominating in low-income countries [ 1 – 4 ]. It significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years and is responsible for 13% of the deaths among …

In glycogen storage disease (GSD), glycogen accumulates in the liver and muscles caused by a congenital deficiency of enzymes involved in the synthesis or degradation of glycogen [ 1 ]. GSD type I is an extremely rare inherited disorder of …

Malignant hyperthermia (MH), which requires immediate intervention, is an extremely dangerous condition that can occur with exposure to volatile inhalant anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. In MH, the rate of calcium (Ca) release from …

Psychological trauma is described as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence, with common examples including exposure to war, physical assault, sexual trafficking, and domestic violence, which can lead to …

CLS is a rare but increasingly recognised X-linked semi-dominant syndrome characterised by psychomotor and growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, digit abnormalities and progressive skeletal changes resulting from mutations in the RPS6KA3 gene [ 1 …]. They may also have neurological, ophthalmological, hearing, dental, cardiovascular and respiratory problems [

Severe asthma in children and adolescents exerts a substantial health, financial, and societal burden. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous condition with multiple clinical phenotypes and underlying inflammatory patterns that might be different in …

Prenatal alcohol exposure is a major cause of neurobehavioral disabilities. MRI studies in humans have shown that alcohol is associated with white matter microstructural anomalies but these studies focused on myelin abnormalities only after birth.

People with severe intellectual disability have communication difficulties, and medical treatments for these individuals are limited [ 1 ]. Moreover, owing to their physical and psychological characteristics, they can sometimes experience different …

We report the case of a 65-year-old severely disabled man diagnosed with advanced renal neoplasm who was scheduled for major urologic surgery. Through a multidisciplinary approach, a shared decision-making process and mutual listening of all the …

Neurodevelopmental disorders cover a wide spectrum of conditions related to neurological system and brain; they include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability (ID), learning …

People with severe mental illness (SMI) experience functional and psychosocial impairments which noticeably limit major life activities [ 1 , 2 ]. Since the recovery movement in 1980s, there was a shift from long-established medical approach to a …

A multicentric study is being conducted in which children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aged 6–59 months are identified with only weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) < − 3 criteria. The present study aimed to assess associations of …

Armed conflict is a public health concern [ 1 ]. The violent and destructive nature of armed conflicts and the breakdown in health systems may harm vulnerable populations like children under 5 years and pregnant women residing in such areas who …

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic connective tissue disorder, affecting approximately 1 in 3000–5000 people [ 1 ]. The main clinical features are presented in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and ocular systems [ 2 , 3 ]. MFS is inherited in …

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive renal disorder [ 1 ]. GS is caused by mutation of the SLC12A3 gene. This gene is responsible for the thiazide diuretic-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter (NCCT) located in the renal distal …