Owing to the advantages of minimally invasive insertion and excellent biomechanical stability, the intramedullary nail (IMN) is recommended as a typical choice for the surgical treatment of most tibial shaft fractures. It can act as a useful tool …

Open distal tibial fractures are challenging injuries with potential long-term complications. Although intramedullary (IM) nailing is widely used to treat closed tibial fractures, managing open distal type III tibial fractures with severe soft …

One of the most common injuries to the musculoskeletal system is bone fracture [ 1 ]. In the US alone, roughly 8 million people break a bone every year [ 2 ]. Fractures of the tibia, particularly the distal tibia, are at a higher risk of delayed …

Distal tibia fractures mainly result from torsional or axial loading injuries; the fracture patterns are usually spiral or comminuted, necessitating surgical intervention to achieve proper reduction and stable fixation. The surgical treatment …

Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) was first proposed by Krettek et al. [ 1 ]. During MIPPO, an incision of approximately 3 cm in length was made at one end of the fracture, and then a steel plate was inserted …

The reported incidence of diaphyseal tibial fractures is between 8.1 and 37.0/100,000/year [ 1 – 5 ]. Larsen et al. reported that AO-type 42-A1 was the most common fracture type, representing 34% of all tibial shaft fractures [ 1 ]. There are …

Distal tibia fractures represent approximately 10–13% of all tibia fractures and are usually high-energy injuries, which are associated with severe comminution and soft tissue trauma [ 1 ]. These injuries are particularly difficult to manage due to …

Retrograde tibial nailing is a novel surgical option in the treatment of distal tibial fracture. Several attempts have been made in the past, dating back to Küntscher and Maatz in 1945 [ 1 ] as well as Hofmann in the late 1990s [ 2 , 3 ]. However …

Tibial shaft fractures represent the most common long bone fractures. Among these, the most prevalent types are spiral fractures (AO/OTA 42-A1), representing 34%, and oblique fractures (AO/OTA 42-A2), representing 17% [ 1 ]. Predominantly, these …

Tibial intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation has become the standard treatment for displaced tibial fractures in adults due to its low interference with the soft tissue surrounding the fracture site and high rate of fracture healing [ 1 – 3 ].

Ankle fractures involving the distal tibial plafond, including traditional pilon fractures and atypical ankle fractures, are usually the result of combined axial load and shear force. Anatomical reduction of articular fragments and restoration of …