Nephrology

Myocardial amyloidosis is often missed in the early stages. Understand the importance of multimodal imaging in diagnosing systemic AL amyloidosis, particularly when patients present with extra-cardiac symptoms.

A young woman diagnosed with minimal change nephrotic syndrome in childhood developed latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Graves disease. HLA testing was performed to investigate her genetic background.

Reninoma should be considered in young people with hypokalemic hypertension when common causes have been excluded. Excision can cure hypertension and prevent morbidity and mortality.

A patient with pancreatogenic diabetes developed life-threatening euglycemic ketoacidosis following re-exposure to an SGLT2 inhibitor and alcohol excess. Early renal replacement therapy was successful.

A patient treated with carboplatin for stage I seminoma developed hematuria and acute kidney injury. It is crucial to recognize this rare but serious complication and start treatment promptly to prevent further kidney damage.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a serious neurological condition linked to the overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. Two fatal cases demonstrate the pathological findings and clinical outcomes.

A rare case of parathyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid tuberculosis in a woman with a history of hypothyroidism who developed a swelling on her neck and bone pain.

Typical symptoms of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia include dyspnea, cough, and low-grade fever. But this patient, an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient, presented with hypercalcemia and kidney injury.

A rare case of new onset autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in a 7-year-old boy, presenting with severe cardiogenic shock requiring ECMO. Steroid replacement is critical.

A case of suspected primary aldosteronism that was complicated to diagnose because severe hydronephrosis meant the patient's aldosterone-to-renin ratio values were normal.

A patient presented with right thigh swelling, fever, new-onset left hemiplegia, and seizures 18 months after kidney transplant. Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis with metastatic brain abscesses was diagnosed.

When a patient presents with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure or neuropsychiatric symptoms after complicated cardiac surgery, TTP should be suspected. Make sure you know how to rapidly diagnose and treat this life-threatening emergency.

A child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as the initial symptom. ALL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained renal injury, even if blood investigations are normal.

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare, easily treatable, and important differential of bladder mass in children, which may present with an atypical obstructive uropathy.

Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by primary renal disorders, but you should consider metabolic diseases in atypical cases. This 7-month-old presented with nephrotic syndrome, malignant hypertension, and hemolytic anemia.

A woman presenting with community-acquired pneumonia developed several serious complications, likely due to co-existence of poorly controlled diabetes and a late diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

BRASH syndrome (bradycardia, renal failure, atrioventricular node blocking, shock, and hyperkalemia), in this case triggered by extreme dehydration, was complicated by concomitant digoxin.

Caution is needed when assessing insulin secretion capability and nephropathy in patients with diabetes who are being treated with an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor.

A man with type 2 diabetes and IgG4-related kidney disease developed bullous pemphigoid. DPP4 inhibitor treatment, which also correlated with changes in renal function, was discontinued.

Partial hypopituitarism with adrenocorticotropin deficiency as the main manifestation in a man who presented with fatigue, nausea, poor appetite, and a history of HFRS.