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BMC Cancer

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Metastasis | Research

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-13 as a diagnostic biomarker for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Authors: Hui Wang, Hong Li, Qingtao Yan, Sumei Gao, Jianfang Gao, Zhenhua Wang, Yi Sun

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

A significant proportion of newly diagnosed patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) have metastasis and eventually die of the disease, necessitating the exploration of novel biomarkers for early detection of cSCC aggressiveness, risk assessment and monitoring. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been implicated in cSCC pathogenesis. Serum MMP-13 levels have been shown to predict survival in patients with esophageal SCC, but their diagnostic value for cSCC has not been explored.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study to examine serum MMP-13 as a biomarker for cSCC. Patients with cSCC undergoing surgical resection and health controls undergoing plastic surgery were recruited. ELISA for measurement of serum MMP-13 and immunohistochemistry for detection of tissue MMP-13 were performed, and the results were compared between the case and the control group, and among different patient groups. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of serum MMP-13 levels.

Results

The ratio of male to female, and the age between the case (n = 77) and the control group (n = 50) were not significantly different. Patients had significantly higher serum MMP-13 levels than healthy controls. Subjects with stage 3 cSCC had markedly higher serum MMP-13 levels than those with stage 1 and stage 2 cSCC. Patients with invasive cSCC had remarkably higher serum MMP-13 than those with cSCC in situ. Post-surgery serum MMP-13 measurement was done in 12 patients, and a significant MMP-13 decrease was observed after removal of cSCC. Tumor tissues had a remarkably higher level of MMP-13 than control tissues. Serum MMP-13 predicted the presence of invasive cSCC with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI [0.78 to 0.95]) for sensitivity and specificity of 81.7 and 82.4%, respectively for a cut-off value of 290 pg/mL. Serum MMP-13 predicted lymph node involvement with an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI [0.88 to 0.99]) for sensitivity and specificity of 93.8 and 88.5%, respectively for a cut-off value of 430 pg/mL.

Conclusion

Serum MMP-13 might serve as a valuable biomarker for early detection of cSCC invasiveness and monitoring of cSCC progression.

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Title: Serum matrix metalloproteinase-13 as a diagnostic biomarker for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hui Wang
Hong Li
Qingtao Yan
Sumei Gao
Jianfang Gao
Zhenhua Wang
Yi Sun
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Metastasis
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Biomarkers
Published in: BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08566-1

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