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Journal of Translational Medicine
Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Biomarkers | Review

Evaluation of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer using high-throughput sequencing

Authors: Kamran Hosseini, Maryam Ranjbar, Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand, Parina Asgharian, Soheila Montazersaheb, Vahideh Tarhriz, Tohid Ghasemnejad

Published in: Journal of Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Clinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers’ diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented.
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Metadata
Title
Evaluation of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer using high-throughput sequencing
Authors
Kamran Hosseini
Maryam Ranjbar
Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
Parina Asgharian
Soheila Montazersaheb
Vahideh Tarhriz
Tohid Ghasemnejad
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Biomarkers
Published in
Journal of Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1479-5876
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03231-y

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