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At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
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BMC Nephrology
Published in: BMC Nephrology 1/2022

01-12-2022 | Albuminuria | Review

Targeting inflammation for the treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: a five-compartment mechanistic model

Authors: Alexis Hofherr, Julie Williams, Li-Ming Gan, Magnus Söderberg, Pernille B. L. Hansen, Kevin J. Woollard

Published in: BMC Nephrology | Issue 1/2022

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Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Mortality and morbidity associated with DKD are increasing with the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Chronic, sub-clinical, non-resolving inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of renal and cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Inflammatory biomarkers correlate with poor renal outcomes and mortality in patients with DKD. Targeting chronic inflammation may therefore offer a route to novel therapeutics for DKD. However, the DKD patient population is highly heterogeneous, with varying etiology, presentation and disease progression. This heterogeneity is a challenge for clinical trials of novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Here, we present a conceptual model of how chronic inflammation affects kidney function in five compartments: immune cell recruitment and activation; filtration; resorption and secretion; extracellular matrix regulation; and perfusion. We believe that the rigorous alignment of pathophysiological insights, appropriate animal models and pathology-specific biomarkers may facilitate a mechanism-based shift from recruiting ‘all comers’ with DKD to stratification of patients based on the principal compartments of inflammatory disease activity.
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Metadata
Title
Targeting inflammation for the treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: a five-compartment mechanistic model
Authors
Alexis Hofherr
Julie Williams
Li-Ming Gan
Magnus Söderberg
Pernille B. L. Hansen
Kevin J. Woollard
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Nephrology / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2369
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02794-8

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