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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics 10/2020

Open Access 01-10-2020 | Chloroquin | Review Article

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Antiviral Agents Used to Treat SARS-CoV-2 and Their Potential Interaction with Drugs and Other Supportive Measures: A Comprehensive Review by the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group of the European Society of Antimicrobial Agents

Authors: Markus Zeitlinger, Birgit C. P. Koch, Roger Bruggemann, Pieter De Cock, Timothy Felton, Maya Hites, Jennifer Le, Sonia Luque, Alasdair P. MacGowan, Deborah J. E. Marriott, Anouk E. Muller, Kristina Nadrah, David L. Paterson, Joseph F. Standing, João P. Telles, Michael Wölfl-Duchek, Michael Thy, Jason A. Roberts, the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group (EPASG) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)

Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics | Issue 10/2020

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Abstract

There is an urgent need to identify optimal antiviral therapies for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We have conducted a rapid and comprehensive review of relevant pharmacological evidence, focusing on (1) the pharmacokinetics (PK) of potential antiviral therapies; (2) coronavirus-specific pharmacodynamics (PD); (3) PK and PD interactions between proposed combination therapies; (4) pharmacology of major supportive therapies; and (5) anticipated drug–drug interactions (DDIs). We found promising in vitro evidence for remdesivir, (hydroxy)chloroquine and favipiravir against SARS-CoV-2; potential clinical benefit in SARS-CoV-2 with remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus ribavirin; and strong evidence for LPV/r plus ribavirin against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) for post-exposure prophylaxis in healthcare workers. Despite these emerging data, robust controlled clinical trials assessing patient-centred outcomes remain imperative and clinical data have already reduced expectations with regard to some drugs. Any therapy should be used with caution in the light of potential drug interactions and the uncertainty of optimal doses for treating mild versus serious infections.
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Metadata
Title
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Antiviral Agents Used to Treat SARS-CoV-2 and Their Potential Interaction with Drugs and Other Supportive Measures: A Comprehensive Review by the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group of the European Society of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors
Markus Zeitlinger
Birgit C. P. Koch
Roger Bruggemann
Pieter De Cock
Timothy Felton
Maya Hites
Jennifer Le
Sonia Luque
Alasdair P. MacGowan
Deborah J. E. Marriott
Anouk E. Muller
Kristina Nadrah
David L. Paterson
Joseph F. Standing
João P. Telles
Michael Wölfl-Duchek
Michael Thy
Jason A. Roberts
the PK/PD of Anti-Infectives Study Group (EPASG) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
Publication date
01-10-2020
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Clinical Pharmacokinetics / Issue 10/2020
Print ISSN: 0312-5963
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1926
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-020-00924-9

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