Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases and Treatment: Experimental and Clinical Aspects

Excerpt

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major health problem worldwide, which remain the leading causes of mortality globally. The incidence of CVDs continues to increase these days, leading to a growing epidemic which constitutes a serious financial burden for society [1‐3]. Exosomes are small-sized membrane-surrounded structures that can be released from different types of cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and immune cells. The intercellular communications that mediated by exosomes play a pivotal role in a variety of cardiac pathophysiological processes [2‐4]. Continued and deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of exosomes in CVDs may help develop promising therapeutic options for these diseases. …