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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 1-2/2019

01-06-2019 | Metastasis | NON-THEMATIC REVIEW

Exosomes, metastases, and the miracle of cancer stem cell markers

Authors: Zhe Wang, Margot Zöller

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 1-2/2019

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Abstract

Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are the driving force in tumor progression. There is strong evidence that CIC fulfill this task via exosomes (TEX), which modulate and reprogram stroma, nontransformed cells, and non-CIC. Characterization of CIC, besides others, builds on expression of CIC markers, many of which are known as metastasis-associated molecules. We here discuss that the linkage between CIC/CIC-TEX and metastasis-associated molecules is not fortuitously, but relies on the contribution of these markers to TEX biogenesis including loading and TEX target interactions. In addition, CIC markers contribute to TEX binding- and uptake-promoted activation of signaling cascades, transcription initiation, and translational control. Our point of view will be outlined for pancreas and colon CIC highly expressing CD44v6, Tspan8, EPCAM, claudin7, and LGR5, which distinctly but coordinately contribute to tumor progression. Despite overwhelming progress in unraveling the metastatic cascade and the multiple tasks taken over by CIC-TEX, there remains a considerable gap in linking CIC biomarkers, TEX, and TEX-initiated target modulation with metastasis. We will try to outline possible bridges, which could allow depicting pathways for new and expectedly powerful therapeutic interference with tumor progression.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Full names of proteins and genes are listed in Table S1.
 
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Metadata
Title
Exosomes, metastases, and the miracle of cancer stem cell markers
Authors
Zhe Wang
Margot Zöller
Publication date
01-06-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 1-2/2019
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09793-6

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