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Published in:

01-01-2008 | Neurological Disorders

NeuroAIDS

Characteristics and Diagnosis of the Neurological Complications of AIDS

Authors: Alireza Minagar, Deborah Commins, J. Steven Alexander, Romy Hoque, Francesco Chiappelli, Elyse J. Singer, Behrooz Nikbin, Dr Paul Shapshak

Published in: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy | Issue 1/2008

Abstract

The neurological complications of AIDS (NeuroAIDS) include neurocognitive impairment and HIV-associated dementia (HAD; also known as AIDS dementia and HIV encephalopathy). HAD is the most significant and devastating central nervous system (CNS) complications associated with HIV infection. Despite recent advances in our knowledge of the clinical features, pathogenesis, and neurobiological aspects of HAD, it remains a formidable scientific and therapeutic challenge. An understanding of the mechanisms of HIV neuroinvasion, CNS proliferation, and HAD pathogenesis provide a basis for the interpretation of the diagnostic features of HAD and its milder form, HIV-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder (MCMD). Current diagnostic strategies are associated with significant limitations, but it is hoped that the use of biomarkers may assist researchers and clinicians in predicting the onset of the disease process and in evaluating the effects of new therapies.

The ‘snout reflex’ is a primitive reflex exhibited in normal infants but not in neurologically intact adults; it involves the involuntary puckering of the lips when the nasal philtrum (upper lip) is gently tapped. After frontal lobe injury the snout reflex is ‘released’ from its normal inhibition as a ‘frontal release sign’.

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Title: NeuroAIDS
Characteristics and Diagnosis of the Neurological Complications of AIDS
Authors: Alireza Minagar
Deborah Commins
J. Steven Alexander
Romy Hoque
Francesco Chiappelli
Elyse J. Singer
Behrooz Nikbin
Dr Paul Shapshak
Publication date: 01-01-2008
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 1177-1062
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03256266

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