Since the early 1990’s, dual anti-platelet therapy has been the standard of care after coronary stenting to prevent stent thrombosis. Ticlopidine was the first P2Y 12 drug, but it was replaced in the early 2000’s by clopidogrel. The 2004 American …
Authors:
Jeffrey B Booker, Alexander J Nihart, Matthew J Campen, Eduardo Medrano-Rodriguez, James C Blankenship
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for half of hospitalizations due to heart failure (HF) [ 1 ] and has become a major global health problem. In Japan, patients with HFpEF experience cardiovascular (CV) death at a rate …
Cardiac hypertrophy is the compensatory response to pressure overload of heart and prolonged cardiac hypertrophy is considered as a high risk factor of heart failure [ 1 , 2 ]. Previous studies have revealed that some pathological processes were …
Authors:
Yongsheng Liu, Man Jiang, Meitian Zhang, Yawen Xie, Lixin Wang, Pilong Shi, Qianlong Zhang, Qianhui Zhang, Kai Liu, Jiajun Zhou, Chao Song, Hongli Sun
Controversy remains over whether to treat with prophylactic anticoagulation to reduce thromboembolic events [ 2 , 3 ]. A recent meta-analysis concluded that the risks of stroke from LVT are balanced by the risks of bleeding and the authors conclude …
Pulmonary hypertension is a chronic progressive and fatal disease. It is extremely disabling and lethal, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 88.2%, 72.2%, and 59.4%, respectively, and severely affects patients’ quality of life [ 1 ]. Despite …
Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide every year [ 1 – 3 ]. PE is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, which should be …
Authors:
Sylwia Sławek-Szmyt, Aleksander Araszkiewicz, Stanisław Jankiewicz, Marek Grygier, Tatiana Mularek-Kubzdela, Maciej Lesiak
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the first-line anticoagulant therapy for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with increased thromboembolic risk [ 1 ]. The timing of DOACs discontinuation before elective invasive surgery is …
Authors:
Vincenzo Russo, Eleonora Caiazza, Fiorella Chiara Delle Femine, Enrica Pezzullo, Sara Sarpa, Antonio Ianniciello, Caturano Alfredo, Antonello D’Andrea, Paolo Golino, Gerardo Nigro
While oncotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years, side effects of anti-cancer drugs and treatments have also come to the fore. These side effects include cardiotoxicity, which can cause irreversible cardiac damages with long-term …
Authors:
András Nagy, Denise Börzsei, Alexandra Hoffmann, Szilvia Török, Médea Veszelka, Nikoletta Almási, Csaba Varga, Renáta Szabó
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a preferred treatment modality for thoracic aortic aneurysms as well as dissections, especially in patients who are at a high risk of conventional open surgical repair [ 1 , 2 ]. With the development …
Cardiac arrest (CA) refers to an abrupt interruption of blood flow to the brain and other organs because of the ineffective pumping of the heart. This medical emergency is a common cause of mortality worldwide [ 1 ]. A systematic review (SR) of 67 …
Authors:
Jonathan Ka-Ming Ho, Hon-Lon Tam, Leona Yuen-Ling Leung
Although the pathogenicity and clinical severity of omicron COVID-19 appear to be weakened compared with previous variants, it tends to evolve toward more transmissible, and the number of hospital admissions and cardiovascular complications might …
Authors:
Jun Gu, Zhi-Hua Han, Chang-qian Wang, Jun-feng Zhang
Individuals with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [ 1 ]. For individuals with elevated LDL-C, lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) are effective in …
Authors:
Robert S. Rosenson, Daniel J. Rader, Shazia Ali, Poulabi Banerjee, Jennifer McGinniss, Robert Pordy
Myocardial infarction (MI), a disease with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease, presents a pressing challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicable diseases. The annual increase in incidence and the diagnosis of MI at younger …
Authors:
Xiaodi Zhang, Yi Zhao, Dafen Guo, Mingxian Luo, Qing Zhang, Li Zhang, Dengshen Zhang
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally and account for one-third of all deaths worldwide. Ischemic heart disease is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease and a dominant contributor to disability [ 1 ]. Myocardial …
As a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox) is widely applied to the clinical treatment of breast cancer, acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and other cancerous diseases. When the clinical dose of Dox exceeds 400 mg/cm 2 –700 mg/cm 2 …
Authors:
Sa Liu, Jiaqin Liu, Nan Su, Shanshan Wei, Ning Xie, Xiangyun Li, Suifen Xie, Jian Liu, Bikui Zhang, Wenqun Li, Shengyu Tan
Open Access
16-02-2024 | Dyslipidemia | Review Article
While the cardiovascular (CV) risk incurred from long-standing dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and other conditions is firmly established, residual CV risk has only recently become of interest in the race to prevent or mitigate CV diseases …
Authors:
Hani Sabbour, Deepak L. Bhatt, Yaser Elhenawi, Asma Aljaberi, Layal Bennani, Tarek Fiad, Khwaja Hasan, Shahrukh Hashmani, Rabih A. Hijazi, Zafar Khan, Ronney Shantouf
Angiogenesis refers to the biological process whereby new blood vessels are generated from existing ones. It is a crucial biological mechanism that involves in many physiological and pathological processes, such as embryogenesis, tumor growth, and …
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common, clinically significant dysrhythmia with a global prevalence of 33.5 million [ 1 ]. The numbers are highest in developed nations [ 2 ], and it is estimated that the prevalence will increase to 12.1 …
Authors:
Ian S. deSouza, Pragati Shrestha, Robert Allen, Jessica Koos, Henry Thode Jr.
Anticoagulation-related nephropathy (ARN) is an underdiagnosed but clinically significant complication of anticoagulation which is associated with elevated renal morbidity and all-cause mortality [ 1 ]. ARN is a recently identified subtype of acute …
Authors:
Qiuyu Xu, Gang Chen, Sanxi Ai, Ke Zheng, Bin Zhao, Xuemei Li
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart condition that can result in serious complications, including heart failure, stroke, cardiomyopathies, and valvular heart disease, leading to increased mortality and morbidity rates [ 1 ]. Pulmonary veins …
