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Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
Published in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 5/2013

01-06-2013 | Review

In vivo animal models for studying brain metastasis: value and limitations

Authors: Inderjit Daphu, Terje Sundstrøm, Sindre Horn, Peter C. Huszthy, Simone P. Niclou, Per Ø. Sakariassen, Heike Immervoll, Hrvoje Miletic, Rolf Bjerkvig, Frits Thorsen

Published in: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis | Issue 5/2013

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Abstract

Brain metastasis is associated with a particular poor prognosis. Novel insight into the brain metastatic process is therefore warranted. Several preclinical models of brain tumor metastasis have been developed during the last 60 years, and they have in part revealed some of the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process. This review discusses mechanisms of brain metastasis with a key focus of the development of animal model systems. This includes the use of rodent, syngeneic brain metastasis models (spontaneous, chemically induced and genetically engineered models) and human xenotransplantation models (ectopic inoculation and orthotopic models). Current information indicates that none of these fully reflect tumor development seen in patients with metastatic disease. The various model systems used, however, have provided important insight into specific mechanisms of the metastatic process related to the brain. By combining the knowledge obtained from animal models, new important information on the molecular mechanisms behind metastasis will be obtained, leading to the future development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Metadata
Title
In vivo animal models for studying brain metastasis: value and limitations
Authors
Inderjit Daphu
Terje Sundstrøm
Sindre Horn
Peter C. Huszthy
Simone P. Niclou
Per Ø. Sakariassen
Heike Immervoll
Hrvoje Miletic
Rolf Bjerkvig
Frits Thorsen
Publication date
01-06-2013
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis / Issue 5/2013
Print ISSN: 0262-0898
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7276
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-013-9566-9

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