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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 4/2023

Open Access 17-07-2023 | Helicobacter Pylori | Non-Thematic Review

Helicobacter pylori–activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development

Authors: Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka, Tomasz Brzozowski, Agata Ptak-Belowska

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 4/2023

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Abstract

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Metadata
Title
Helicobacter pylori–activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development
Authors
Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
Tomasz Brzozowski
Agata Ptak-Belowska
Publication date
17-07-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1

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