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Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 4/2023

Open Access 13-07-2023 | Metastasis | Review

How circulating tumor cluster biology contributes to the metastatic cascade: from invasion to dissemination and dormancy

Authors: Mostafa M Nasr, Conor C Lynch

Published in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Issue 4/2023

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Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to be prognostic for metastatic relapse and are detected in patients as solitary cells or cell clusters. Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters) have been observed clinically for decades and are of significantly higher metastatic potential compared to solitary CTCs. Recent studies suggest distinct differences in CTC cluster biology regarding invasion and survival in circulation. However, differences regarding dissemination, dormancy, and reawakening require more investigations compared to solitary CTCs. Here, we review the current state of CTC cluster research and consider their clinical significance. In addition, we discuss the concept of collective invasion by CTC clusters and molecular evidence as to how cluster survival in circulation compares to that of solitary CTCs. Molecular differences between solitary and clustered CTCs during dormancy and reawakening programs will also be discussed. We also highlight future directions to advance our current understanding of CTC cluster biology.
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Metadata
Title
How circulating tumor cluster biology contributes to the metastatic cascade: from invasion to dissemination and dormancy
Authors
Mostafa M Nasr
Conor C Lynch
Publication date
13-07-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Keyword
Metastasis
Published in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-023-10124-z

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