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With growing insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, treatment now targets multiple immune pathways, including emerging third-line therapies. What are the options for immunotherapy and symptomatic management?
Explore the current knowledge of breast cancer brain metastases, from metastatic mechanisms to tumor microenvironment interactions, and learn how this understanding is driving diagnostic and therapeutic developments.
Find out how dynamic changes in postoperative angulation of the craniotomy bone flap provided a critical clue to high intracranial pressure in a patient with leptomeningeal disease.
Review the latest trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine therapy, oncolytic viruses, and CAR T-cell therapy, and the neurological toxicities and physiological barriers that make treating CNS tumors uniquely challenging.
New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimise contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?
This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.
Find out how dynamic changes in postoperative angulation of the craniotomy bone flap provided a critical clue to high intracranial pressure in a patient with leptomeningeal disease.
A patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma receiving a high-dose methotrexate regimen developed capillary leak syndrome, which ultimately led to acute kidney injury. There should be a high suspicion for this rare but serious complication.
Changes in seizure semiology and MRI findings indicated the unusual coexistence of low-grade glioma and hippocampal sclerosis in a 29-year-old patient with Sturge–Weber syndrome.
FND perplexes and frustrates patients and physicians alike. Limited knowledge and insufficient awareness delays diagnosis and treatment, and many patients feel misunderstood and stigmatized. How can you recognize FND and what are the treatment options?
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Glioblastoma (GBM) confers the poorest median overall survival (mOS) despite aggressive multimodal therapy [ 1 – 3 ]. A fundamental obstacle …
Brain tumours present a significant global burden and are an important public health issue worldwide [ 1 ]; the estimated age-standardised incidence rate of central nervous system (CNS) cancer is 4.63 per 100 000 person-years [ 2 ]. Based on Global …
Body sensors and biometric data represent a rapidly advancing field in healthcare technology. They are designed to monitor and collect data on various physiological parameters such as heart rate, physical activity and brain activity, while …
Newcomer PACAP could make the difference in migraine control
Anti-CGRP therapy has dramatically improved migraine treatment for many patients since its introduction in 2018. However, 30–40% of patients do not respond adequately to these drugs.
Prof. Messoud Ashina talks to us about PACAP and why targeting this pathway could offer a new future option for such patients.
New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimize contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?
This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.
Primary brain tumours are a complex group of conditions, which vary in tumour type, location, progression and impact on the individual. Incidence and prognosis of brain tumours are influenced by key factors such as morphological subtype, gender …
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary brain tumor and has a dismal median survival of only 15 months [ 1 ]. Since the addition of the alkylating agent temozolomide to the standard of care in 2005, no other drugs have significantly …
High-grade gliomas (HGG) are among the most lethal human cancers with median overall survival typically under two years from initial diagnosis [ 1 , 2 ]. Recurrence after surgery is almost universal because tumor cells infiltrate the surrounding …
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the central nervous system (CNS), involving the brain, leptomeninges, eyes, or spinal cord without systemic involvement. Although PCNSL is …