Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Translational Stroke Research 6/2018

01-12-2018 | Editorial

An Update On Medical Treatment for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Authors: Xiang Li, Dongxia Feng, Gang Chen

Published in: Translational Stroke Research | Issue 6/2018

Login to get access

Excerpt

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), as a kind of hemorrhage stroke, is characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates, which is a most serious disease in neurosurgery [1, 2]. There are about 2 million new cases of ICH around the world every year, and the incidence is as high as 20~30% in Asia, which is a serious threat to human health [3]. ICH is caused by the rupture of blood vessels, and blood flows into the surrounding brain parenchyma. As the global population ages, the incidence of ICH is predicted to increase. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of ICH and identification of novel targets are helpful to researchers for developing new drugs for ICH therapy. The aim of this editorial is to summarize the development of preclinical and clinical medical treatments for ICH. …
Literature
2.
go back to reference Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Intracerebral haemorrhage: mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(8):720–31.CrossRefPubMed Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Intracerebral haemorrhage: mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(8):720–31.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(4):355–69.CrossRefPubMed Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(4):355–69.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Bodmer D, Vaughan KA, Zacharia BE, Hickman ZL, Connolly ES. The molecular mechanisms that promote edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):52–61.CrossRefPubMed Bodmer D, Vaughan KA, Zacharia BE, Hickman ZL, Connolly ES. The molecular mechanisms that promote edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):52–61.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Williamson MR, Colbourne F. Evidence for decreased brain parenchymal volume after large intracerebral hemorrhages: a potential mechanism limiting intracranial pressure rises. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(4):386–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Williamson MR, Colbourne F. Evidence for decreased brain parenchymal volume after large intracerebral hemorrhages: a potential mechanism limiting intracranial pressure rises. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(4):386–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Hope DT, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):387–97.CrossRefPubMed Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM, Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Hope DT, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):387–97.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, Murray GD, Gholkar A, Mitchell PM, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):397–408.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, Murray GD, Gholkar A, Mitchell PM, et al. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):397–408.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, Wang J, Stapf C, Delcourt C, et al. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(25):2355–65.CrossRefPubMed Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y, Wang J, Stapf C, Delcourt C, et al. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(25):2355–65.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Butcher KS, Jeerakathil T, Hill M, Demchuk AM, Dowlatshahi D, Coutts SB, et al. The intracerebral hemorrhage acutely decreasing arterial pressure trial. Stroke. 2013;44(3):620–6.CrossRefPubMed Butcher KS, Jeerakathil T, Hill M, Demchuk AM, Dowlatshahi D, Coutts SB, et al. The intracerebral hemorrhage acutely decreasing arterial pressure trial. Stroke. 2013;44(3):620–6.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Barsan WG, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, Martin RL, et al. Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(11):1033–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Qureshi AI, Palesch YY, Barsan WG, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, Martin RL, et al. Intensive blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(11):1033–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Wilkinson DA, Pandey AS, Thompson BG, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Injury mechanisms in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuropharmacology. 2018;134(Pt B):240–8.CrossRefPubMed Wilkinson DA, Pandey AS, Thompson BG, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Injury mechanisms in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuropharmacology. 2018;134(Pt B):240–8.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Sprigg N, Flaherty K, Appleton JP, Al-Shahi Salman R, Bereczki D, Beridze M, et al. Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary intracerebral haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10135):2107–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sprigg N, Flaherty K, Appleton JP, Al-Shahi Salman R, Bereczki D, Beridze M, et al. Tranexamic acid for hyperacute primary intracerebral haemorrhage (TICH-2): an international randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 superiority trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10135):2107–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Dang G, Yang Y, Wu G, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Early erythrolysis in the hematoma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):174–82.CrossRefPubMed Dang G, Yang Y, Wu G, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Early erythrolysis in the hematoma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):174–82.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Xiong XY, Wang J, Qian ZM, Yang QW. Iron and intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanism to translation. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(4):429–41.CrossRefPubMed Xiong XY, Wang J, Qian ZM, Yang QW. Iron and intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanism to translation. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(4):429–41.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Hatakeyama T, Okauchi M, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Deferoxamine reduces neuronal death and hematoma lysis after intracerebral hemorrhage in aged rats. Transl Stroke Res. 2013;4(5):546–53.CrossRefPubMed Hatakeyama T, Okauchi M, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Deferoxamine reduces neuronal death and hematoma lysis after intracerebral hemorrhage in aged rats. Transl Stroke Res. 2013;4(5):546–53.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Sun YM, Wang YT, Jiang L, Xue MZ. The effects of deferoxamine on inhibition for microglia activation and protection of secondary nerve injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016;29(3 Suppl):1087–93.PubMed Sun YM, Wang YT, Jiang L, Xue MZ. The effects of deferoxamine on inhibition for microglia activation and protection of secondary nerve injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2016;29(3 Suppl):1087–93.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Ni W, Okauchi M, Hatakeyama T, Gu Y, Keep RF, Xi G, et al. Deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter damage in aged rats. Exp Neurol. 2015;272:128–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ni W, Okauchi M, Hatakeyama T, Gu Y, Keep RF, Xi G, et al. Deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter damage in aged rats. Exp Neurol. 2015;272:128–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Xie Q, Gu Y, Hua Y, Liu W, Keep RF, Xi G. Deferoxamine attenuates white matter injury in a piglet intracerebral hemorrhage model. Stroke. 2014;45(1):290–2.CrossRefPubMed Xie Q, Gu Y, Hua Y, Liu W, Keep RF, Xi G. Deferoxamine attenuates white matter injury in a piglet intracerebral hemorrhage model. Stroke. 2014;45(1):290–2.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Gu Y, Hua Y, Keep RF, Morgenstern LB, Xi G. Deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hematoma-induced iron accumulation and neuronal death in piglets. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2241–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gu Y, Hua Y, Keep RF, Morgenstern LB, Xi G. Deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hematoma-induced iron accumulation and neuronal death in piglets. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2241–3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Zheng M, Du H, Ni W, Koch LG, Britton SL, Keep RF, et al. Iron-induced necrotic brain cell death in rats with different aerobic capacity. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(3):215–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zheng M, Du H, Ni W, Koch LG, Britton SL, Keep RF, et al. Iron-induced necrotic brain cell death in rats with different aerobic capacity. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(3):215–23.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
go back to reference Lule, S., L. Wu, L.M. McAllister, W.J. Edmiston, 3rd, J.Y. Chung, E. Levy, et al., Genetic inhibition of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 reduces cell death and improves functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Stroke, 2017. 48(9):2549–2556.CrossRefPubMed Lule, S., L. Wu, L.M. McAllister, W.J. Edmiston, 3rd, J.Y. Chung, E. Levy, et al., Genetic inhibition of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 reduces cell death and improves functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Stroke, 2017. 48(9):2549–2556.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Selim M. Deferoxamine mesylate: a new hope for intracerebral hemorrhage: from bench to clinical trials. Stroke. 2009;40(3 Suppl):S90–1.CrossRefPubMed Selim M. Deferoxamine mesylate: a new hope for intracerebral hemorrhage: from bench to clinical trials. Stroke. 2009;40(3 Suppl):S90–1.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Huang FP, Xi G, Keep RF, Hua Y, Nemoianu A, Hoff JT. Brain edema after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: role of hemoglobin degradation products. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(2):287–93.CrossRefPubMed Huang FP, Xi G, Keep RF, Hua Y, Nemoianu A, Hoff JT. Brain edema after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: role of hemoglobin degradation products. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(2):287–93.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Donovan FM, Pike CJ, Cotman CW, Cunningham DD. Thrombin induces apoptosis in cultured neurons and astrocytes via a pathway requiring tyrosine kinase and RhoA activities. J Neurosci. 1997;17(14):5316–26.CrossRefPubMed Donovan FM, Pike CJ, Cotman CW, Cunningham DD. Thrombin induces apoptosis in cultured neurons and astrocytes via a pathway requiring tyrosine kinase and RhoA activities. J Neurosci. 1997;17(14):5316–26.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Xi G, Reiser G, Keep RF. The role of thrombin and thrombin receptors in ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury: deleterious or protective? J Neurochem. 2003;84(1):3–9.CrossRefPubMed Xi G, Reiser G, Keep RF. The role of thrombin and thrombin receptors in ischemic, hemorrhagic and traumatic brain injury: deleterious or protective? J Neurochem. 2003;84(1):3–9.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Anne Stetler R, Yang QW. Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanisms to clinical translation. Prog Neurobiol. 2014;115:25–44.CrossRefPubMed Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Anne Stetler R, Yang QW. Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanisms to clinical translation. Prog Neurobiol. 2014;115:25–44.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Hamada R, Matsuoka H. Antithrombin therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2000;31(3):794–5.CrossRefPubMed Hamada R, Matsuoka H. Antithrombin therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2000;31(3):794–5.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Lee KR, Kawai N, Kim S, Sagher O, Hoff JT. Mechanisms of edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage: effects of thrombin on cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cell survival in a rat model. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(2):272–8.CrossRefPubMed Lee KR, Kawai N, Kim S, Sagher O, Hoff JT. Mechanisms of edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage: effects of thrombin on cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cell survival in a rat model. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(2):272–8.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Wang Z, Zhou F, Dou Y, Tian X, Liu C, Li H, et al. Melatonin alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury in rats via suppressing apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondria injury. Transl Stroke Res. 2018;9(1):74–91.CrossRefPubMed Wang Z, Zhou F, Dou Y, Tian X, Liu C, Li H, et al. Melatonin alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury in rats via suppressing apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondria injury. Transl Stroke Res. 2018;9(1):74–91.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Duan X, Wen Z, Shen H, Shen M, Chen G. Intracerebral hemorrhage, oxidative stress, and antioxidant therapy. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1203285.CrossRef Duan X, Wen Z, Shen H, Shen M, Chen G. Intracerebral hemorrhage, oxidative stress, and antioxidant therapy. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1203285.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Zhou F, Chen G, Zhang J. Edaravone reduces brain oedema and attenuates cell death after intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. Brain Inj. 2009;23(4):353–7.CrossRefPubMed Zhou F, Chen G, Zhang J. Edaravone reduces brain oedema and attenuates cell death after intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. Brain Inj. 2009;23(4):353–7.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Zeng J, Chen Y, Ding R, Feng L, Fu Z, Yang S, et al. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates early brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage via suppressing ROS- and/or NF-kappaB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):119.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zeng J, Chen Y, Ding R, Feng L, Fu Z, Yang S, et al. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates early brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage via suppressing ROS- and/or NF-kappaB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):119.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Chiu CD, Chiu YP, Lin CL, Ji HR, Shen CC, Lee HT, et al. Acetazolamide alleviates sequelae of hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage by suppressing astrocytic reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Res. 2018:1–11. Chiu CD, Chiu YP, Lin CL, Ji HR, Shen CC, Lee HT, et al. Acetazolamide alleviates sequelae of hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage by suppressing astrocytic reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Res. 2018:1–11.
34.
go back to reference Lyden PD, Shuaib A, Lees KR, Davalos A, Davis SM, Diener HC, et al. Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT trial. Stroke. 2007;38(8):2262–9.CrossRefPubMed Lyden PD, Shuaib A, Lees KR, Davalos A, Davis SM, Diener HC, et al. Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT trial. Stroke. 2007;38(8):2262–9.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Xu W, Gao L, Li T, Zheng J, Shao A, Zhang J. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) protects against neuronal apoptosis via activation of Akt/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:176.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Xu W, Gao L, Li T, Zheng J, Shao A, Zhang J. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) protects against neuronal apoptosis via activation of Akt/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:176.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference He M, Wang Y, Shen J, Duan C, Lu X, Li J. Bex1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Pathol Res Pract. 2018;214(4):527–35.CrossRefPubMed He M, Wang Y, Shen J, Duan C, Lu X, Li J. Bex1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis in rat intracerebral hemorrhage model. Pathol Res Pract. 2018;214(4):527–35.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Schlunk F, Schulz E, Lauer A, Yigitkanli K, Pfeilschifter W, Steinmetz H, et al. Warfarin pretreatment reduces cell death and MMP-9 activity in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(2):133–9.CrossRefPubMed Schlunk F, Schulz E, Lauer A, Yigitkanli K, Pfeilschifter W, Steinmetz H, et al. Warfarin pretreatment reduces cell death and MMP-9 activity in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(2):133–9.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Zhang W, Cui Y, Gao J, Li R, Jiang X, Tian Y, et al. Recombinant osteopontin improves neurological functional recovery and protects against apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:1588–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhang W, Cui Y, Gao J, Li R, Jiang X, Tian Y, et al. Recombinant osteopontin improves neurological functional recovery and protects against apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:1588–96.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
go back to reference Ayer A, Hwang BY, Appelboom G, Connolly ES Jr. Clinical trials for neuroprotective therapies in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new roadmap from bench to bedside. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(4):409–17.CrossRefPubMed Ayer A, Hwang BY, Appelboom G, Connolly ES Jr. Clinical trials for neuroprotective therapies in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new roadmap from bench to bedside. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(4):409–17.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Shen H, Liu C, Zhang D, Yao X, Zhang K, Li H, et al. Role for RIP1 in mediating necroptosis in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage model both in vivo and in vitro. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(3):e2641.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shen H, Liu C, Zhang D, Yao X, Zhang K, Li H, et al. Role for RIP1 in mediating necroptosis in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage model both in vivo and in vitro. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(3):e2641.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
go back to reference Zille M, Karuppagounder SS, Chen Y, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Finger J, et al. Neuronal death after hemorrhagic stroke in vitro and in vivo shares features of ferroptosis and necroptosis. Stroke. 2017;48(4):1033–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zille M, Karuppagounder SS, Chen Y, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Finger J, et al. Neuronal death after hemorrhagic stroke in vitro and in vivo shares features of ferroptosis and necroptosis. Stroke. 2017;48(4):1033–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Majmundar N, Kim B, Prestigiacomo CJ. Necroptosis pathway in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: novel therapeutic target. World Neurosurg. 2016;89:716–7.CrossRefPubMed Majmundar N, Kim B, Prestigiacomo CJ. Necroptosis pathway in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: novel therapeutic target. World Neurosurg. 2016;89:716–7.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference Chang P, Dong W, Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang T, et al. Anti-necroptosis chemical necrostatin-1 can also suppress apoptotic and autophagic pathway to exert neuroprotective effect in mice intracerebral hemorrhage model. J Mol Neurosci. 2014;52(2):242–9.CrossRefPubMed Chang P, Dong W, Zhang M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang T, et al. Anti-necroptosis chemical necrostatin-1 can also suppress apoptotic and autophagic pathway to exert neuroprotective effect in mice intracerebral hemorrhage model. J Mol Neurosci. 2014;52(2):242–9.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Li H, Wu J, Shen H, Yao X, Liu C, Pianta S, et al. Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol. 2018;163-164:79–97.CrossRefPubMed Li H, Wu J, Shen H, Yao X, Liu C, Pianta S, et al. Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol. 2018;163-164:79–97.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Duan XC, Wang W, Feng DX, Yin J, Zuo G, Chen DD, et al. Roles of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017;23(7):554–66.CrossRefPubMed Duan XC, Wang W, Feng DX, Yin J, Zuo G, Chen DD, et al. Roles of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017;23(7):554–66.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Li H, Liu S, Sun X, Yang J, Yang Z, Shen H, et al. Critical role for Annexin A7 in secondary brain injury mediated by its phosphorylation after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;110:82–92.CrossRefPubMed Li H, Liu S, Sun X, Yang J, Yang Z, Shen H, et al. Critical role for Annexin A7 in secondary brain injury mediated by its phosphorylation after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;110:82–92.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Ardizzone TD, Zhan X, Ander BP, Sharp FR. SRC kinase inhibition improves acute outcomes after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1621–5.CrossRefPubMed Ardizzone TD, Zhan X, Ander BP, Sharp FR. SRC kinase inhibition improves acute outcomes after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1621–5.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Merchant RE, Bullock MR, Carmack CA, Shah AK, Wilner KD, Ko G, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CP-101,606 in patients with a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;890:42–50.CrossRefPubMed Merchant RE, Bullock MR, Carmack CA, Shah AK, Wilner KD, Ko G, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CP-101,606 in patients with a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;890:42–50.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Armstead, W.M., H. Hekierski, P. Pastor, S. Yarovoi, A.A. Higazi, and D.B. Cines, Release of IL-6 after stroke contributes to impaired cerebral autoregulation and hippocampal neuronal necrosis through NMDA receptor activation and upregulation of ET-1 and JNK. Transl Stroke Res, 2018. Armstead, W.M., H. Hekierski, P. Pastor, S. Yarovoi, A.A. Higazi, and D.B. Cines, Release of IL-6 after stroke contributes to impaired cerebral autoregulation and hippocampal neuronal necrosis through NMDA receptor activation and upregulation of ET-1 and JNK. Transl Stroke Res, 2018.
50.
go back to reference Ren H, Kong Y, Liu Z, Zang D, Yang X, Wood K, et al. Selective NLRP3 (pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome inhibitor reduces brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2018;49(1):184–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ren H, Kong Y, Liu Z, Zang D, Yang X, Wood K, et al. Selective NLRP3 (pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome inhibitor reduces brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2018;49(1):184–92.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
go back to reference Sheth KN, Rosand J. Targeting the immune system in intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(9):1083–4.CrossRefPubMed Sheth KN, Rosand J. Targeting the immune system in intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(9):1083–4.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Urday S, Kimberly WT, Beslow LA, Vortmeyer AO, Selim MH, Rosand J, et al. Targeting secondary injury in intracerebral haemorrhage--perihaematomal oedema. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11(2):111–22.CrossRefPubMed Urday S, Kimberly WT, Beslow LA, Vortmeyer AO, Selim MH, Rosand J, et al. Targeting secondary injury in intracerebral haemorrhage--perihaematomal oedema. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015;11(2):111–22.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Chen S, Yang Q, Chen G, Zhang JH. An update on inflammation in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(1):4–8.CrossRefPubMed Chen S, Yang Q, Chen G, Zhang JH. An update on inflammation in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(1):4–8.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Atangana E, Schneider UC, Blecharz K, Magrini S, Wagner J, Nieminen-Kelha M, et al. Intravascular inflammation triggers intracerebral activated microglia and contributes to secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (eSAH). Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):144–56.CrossRefPubMed Atangana E, Schneider UC, Blecharz K, Magrini S, Wagner J, Nieminen-Kelha M, et al. Intravascular inflammation triggers intracerebral activated microglia and contributes to secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (eSAH). Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):144–56.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Xiong XY, Yang QW. Rethinking the roles of inflammation in the intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(5):339–41.CrossRefPubMed Xiong XY, Yang QW. Rethinking the roles of inflammation in the intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2015;6(5):339–41.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Behrouz R. Re-exploring tumor necrosis factor alpha as a target for therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(2):93–6.CrossRefPubMed Behrouz R. Re-exploring tumor necrosis factor alpha as a target for therapy in intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(2):93–6.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Zhao X, Sun G, Zhang H, Ting SM, Song S, Gonzales N, et al. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil in brain parenchyma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(5):554–61.CrossRefPubMed Zhao X, Sun G, Zhang H, Ting SM, Song S, Gonzales N, et al. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil in brain parenchyma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(5):554–61.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Hammond MD, Ai Y, Sansing LH. Gr1+ macrophages and dendritic cells dominate the inflammatory infiltrate 12 hours after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(1):s125–31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hammond MD, Ai Y, Sansing LH. Gr1+ macrophages and dendritic cells dominate the inflammatory infiltrate 12 hours after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(1):s125–31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
go back to reference Park HK, Lee SH, Chu K, Roh JK. Effects of celecoxib on volumes of hematoma and edema in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci. 2009;279(1–2):43–6.CrossRefPubMed Park HK, Lee SH, Chu K, Roh JK. Effects of celecoxib on volumes of hematoma and edema in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci. 2009;279(1–2):43–6.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Vaughan CJ, Murphy MB, Buckley BM. Statins do more than just lower cholesterol. Lancet. 1996;348(9034):1079–82.CrossRefPubMed Vaughan CJ, Murphy MB, Buckley BM. Statins do more than just lower cholesterol. Lancet. 1996;348(9034):1079–82.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Chen G, Zhang S, Shi J, Ai J, Qi M, Hang C. Simvastatin reduces secondary brain injury caused by cortical contusion in rats: possible involvement of TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Exp Neurol. 2009;216(2):398–406.CrossRefPubMed Chen G, Zhang S, Shi J, Ai J, Qi M, Hang C. Simvastatin reduces secondary brain injury caused by cortical contusion in rats: possible involvement of TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Exp Neurol. 2009;216(2):398–406.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Tapia-Perez H, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Torres-Corzo JG, Rodriguez-Leyva I, Gonzalez-Aguirre D, Gordillo-Moscoso A, et al. Use of statins for the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results of a pilot study. Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2009;70(1):15–20.CrossRefPubMed Tapia-Perez H, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Torres-Corzo JG, Rodriguez-Leyva I, Gonzalez-Aguirre D, Gordillo-Moscoso A, et al. Use of statins for the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results of a pilot study. Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2009;70(1):15–20.CrossRefPubMed
63.
go back to reference Suzumura A. The role of microglia in neuroinflammation. Brain Nerve. 2017;69(9):975–84.PubMed Suzumura A. The role of microglia in neuroinflammation. Brain Nerve. 2017;69(9):975–84.PubMed
64.
65.
go back to reference Xi G, Keep RF, Hoff JT. Mechanisms of brain injury after intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(1):53–63.CrossRefPubMed Xi G, Keep RF, Hoff JT. Mechanisms of brain injury after intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(1):53–63.CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference Wang YC, Wang PF, Fang H, Chen J, Xiong XY, Yang QW. Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2545–52.CrossRefPubMed Wang YC, Wang PF, Fang H, Chen J, Xiong XY, Yang QW. Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2545–52.CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Wang YC, Zhou Y, Fang H, Lin S, Wang PF, Xiong RP, et al. Toll-like receptor 2/4 heterodimer mediates inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(6):876–89.CrossRefPubMed Wang YC, Zhou Y, Fang H, Lin S, Wang PF, Xiong RP, et al. Toll-like receptor 2/4 heterodimer mediates inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(6):876–89.CrossRefPubMed
68.
go back to reference Kim YS, Kwon JS, Cho YK, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC, et al. Curcumin reduces the cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: involvement of the toll-like receptor 2 in cardiomyocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(11):1514–23.CrossRefPubMed Kim YS, Kwon JS, Cho YK, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC, et al. Curcumin reduces the cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury: involvement of the toll-like receptor 2 in cardiomyocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(11):1514–23.CrossRefPubMed
69.
go back to reference Park SJ, Youn HS. Suppression of homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 by isoliquiritigenin. Phytochemistry. 2010;71(14–15):1736–40.CrossRefPubMed Park SJ, Youn HS. Suppression of homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 by isoliquiritigenin. Phytochemistry. 2010;71(14–15):1736–40.CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Wang Z, Wu L, You W, Ji C, Chen G. Melatonin alleviates secondary brain damage and neurobehavioral dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible involvement of TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathway. J Pineal Res. 2013;55(4):399–408.PubMed Wang Z, Wu L, You W, Ji C, Chen G. Melatonin alleviates secondary brain damage and neurobehavioral dysfunction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible involvement of TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathway. J Pineal Res. 2013;55(4):399–408.PubMed
71.
go back to reference Shao Z, Jiao B, Liu T, Cheng Y, Liu H, Liu Y. TAK-242 treatment ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway in a swine model of Maastricht-category-III cardiac death. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;84:495–501.CrossRefPubMed Shao Z, Jiao B, Liu T, Cheng Y, Liu H, Liu Y. TAK-242 treatment ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway in a swine model of Maastricht-category-III cardiac death. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;84:495–501.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Hua F, Tang H, Wang J, Prunty MC, Hua X, Sayeed I, et al. TAK-242, an antagonist for toll-like receptor 4, protects against acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35(4):536–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hua F, Tang H, Wang J, Prunty MC, Hua X, Sayeed I, et al. TAK-242, an antagonist for toll-like receptor 4, protects against acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35(4):536–42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
go back to reference Nakamura M, Shimizu Y, Sato Y, Miyazaki Y, Satoh T, Mizuno M, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction inhibitor, M62812, suppresses endothelial cell and leukocyte activation and prevents lethal septic shock in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;569(3):237–43.CrossRefPubMed Nakamura M, Shimizu Y, Sato Y, Miyazaki Y, Satoh T, Mizuno M, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction inhibitor, M62812, suppresses endothelial cell and leukocyte activation and prevents lethal septic shock in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;569(3):237–43.CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Wang T, Nowrangi D, Yu L, Lu T, Tang J, Han B, et al. Activation of dopamine D1 receptor decreased NLRP3-mediated inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wang T, Nowrangi D, Yu L, Lu T, Tang J, Han B, et al. Activation of dopamine D1 receptor decreased NLRP3-mediated inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
go back to reference Mollica L, De Marchis F, Spitaleri A, Dallacosta C, Pennacchini D, Zamai M, et al. Glycyrrhizin binds to high-mobility group box 1 protein and inhibits its cytokine activities. Chem Biol. 2007;14(4):431–41.CrossRefPubMed Mollica L, De Marchis F, Spitaleri A, Dallacosta C, Pennacchini D, Zamai M, et al. Glycyrrhizin binds to high-mobility group box 1 protein and inhibits its cytokine activities. Chem Biol. 2007;14(4):431–41.CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Shin JH, Lee HK, Lee HB, Jin Y, Lee JK. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and secretion in activated microglia and in the postischemic brain. Neurosci Lett. 2014;558:159–63.CrossRefPubMed Shin JH, Lee HK, Lee HB, Jin Y, Lee JK. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits HMGB1 phosphorylation and secretion in activated microglia and in the postischemic brain. Neurosci Lett. 2014;558:159–63.CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Shen M, Lu J, Dai W, Wang F, Xu L, Chen K, et al. Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy. Mediat Inflamm. 2013;461536:2013. Shen M, Lu J, Dai W, Wang F, Xu L, Chen K, et al. Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and autophagy. Mediat Inflamm. 2013;461536:2013.
78.
go back to reference Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV, Xiang J, Stamatovic SM, Antonetti DA, Hua Y, et al. Brain endothelial cell junctions after cerebral hemorrhage: changes, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018;38(8):1255–75.CrossRefPubMed Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV, Xiang J, Stamatovic SM, Antonetti DA, Hua Y, et al. Brain endothelial cell junctions after cerebral hemorrhage: changes, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018;38(8):1255–75.CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference Liu DZ, Sharp FR. Excitatory and mitogenic signaling in cell death, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and BBB repair after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):62–9.CrossRefPubMed Liu DZ, Sharp FR. Excitatory and mitogenic signaling in cell death, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and BBB repair after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):62–9.CrossRefPubMed
80.
go back to reference Wanyong Y, Zefeng T, Xiufeng X, Dawei D, Xiaoyan L, Ying Z, et al. Tempol alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury possibly by attenuating nitrative stress. Neuroreport. 2015;26(14):842–9.CrossRefPubMed Wanyong Y, Zefeng T, Xiufeng X, Dawei D, Xiaoyan L, Ying Z, et al. Tempol alleviates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury possibly by attenuating nitrative stress. Neuroreport. 2015;26(14):842–9.CrossRefPubMed
81.
go back to reference Xie RX, Li DW, Liu XC, Yang MF, Fang J, Sun BL, et al. Carnosine attenuates brain oxidative stress and apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurochem Res. 2017;42(2):541–51.CrossRefPubMed Xie RX, Li DW, Liu XC, Yang MF, Fang J, Sun BL, et al. Carnosine attenuates brain oxidative stress and apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Neurochem Res. 2017;42(2):541–51.CrossRefPubMed
82.
go back to reference Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Gao M, Xu R, et al. Attenuation of acute phase injury in rat intracranial hemorrhage by cerebrolysin that inhibits brain edema and inflammatory response. Neurochem Res. 2016;41(4):748–57.CrossRefPubMed Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Gao M, Xu R, et al. Attenuation of acute phase injury in rat intracranial hemorrhage by cerebrolysin that inhibits brain edema and inflammatory response. Neurochem Res. 2016;41(4):748–57.CrossRefPubMed
83.
go back to reference Sun Y, Dai M, Wang Y, Wang W, Sun Q, Yang GY, et al. Neuroprotection and sensorimotor functional improvement by curcumin after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(12):2513–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sun Y, Dai M, Wang Y, Wang W, Sun Q, Yang GY, et al. Neuroprotection and sensorimotor functional improvement by curcumin after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(12):2513–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
84.
go back to reference Chen, H., B. Guan, X. Chen, X. Chen, C. Li, J. Qiu, D. Yang, K.J. Liu, S. Qi, J. Shen, Baicalin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and hemorrhagic transformation and improves neurological outcome in ischemic stroke rats with delayed t-PA treatment: involvement of ONOO(−)-MMP-9 pathway. Transl Stroke Res, 2017. Chen, H., B. Guan, X. Chen, X. Chen, C. Li, J. Qiu, D. Yang, K.J. Liu, S. Qi, J. Shen, Baicalin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and hemorrhagic transformation and improves neurological outcome in ischemic stroke rats with delayed t-PA treatment: involvement of ONOO(−)-MMP-9 pathway. Transl Stroke Res, 2017.
85.
go back to reference Pang J, Chen Y, Kuai L, Yang P, Peng J, Wu Y, et al. Inhibition of blood-brain barrier disruption by an apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptide ameliorates early brain injury in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(3):257–72.CrossRefPubMed Pang J, Chen Y, Kuai L, Yang P, Peng J, Wu Y, et al. Inhibition of blood-brain barrier disruption by an apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptide ameliorates early brain injury in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(3):257–72.CrossRefPubMed
86.
go back to reference Liu H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Hua Z, Cheng J, Jia J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates tissue plasminogen activator-induced cerebral hemorrhage following experimental stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(3):209–19.CrossRefPubMed Liu H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Hua Z, Cheng J, Jia J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates tissue plasminogen activator-induced cerebral hemorrhage following experimental stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(3):209–19.CrossRefPubMed
87.
go back to reference Wu B, Ma Q, Khatibi N, Chen W, Sozen T, Cheng O, et al. Ac-YVAD-CMK decreases blood-brain barrier degradation by inhibiting caspase-1 activation of interleukin-1beta in intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model. Transl Stroke Res. 2010;1(1):57–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wu B, Ma Q, Khatibi N, Chen W, Sozen T, Cheng O, et al. Ac-YVAD-CMK decreases blood-brain barrier degradation by inhibiting caspase-1 activation of interleukin-1beta in intracerebral hemorrhage mouse model. Transl Stroke Res. 2010;1(1):57–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
89.
go back to reference Shi Y, Zhang L, Pu H, Mao L, Hu X, Jiang X, et al. Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood-brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10523.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shi Y, Zhang L, Pu H, Mao L, Hu X, Jiang X, et al. Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood-brain barrier disruption and long-term ischaemic reperfusion brain injury. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10523.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
90.
go back to reference Shi Y, Jiang X, Zhang L, Pu H, Hu X, Zhang W, et al. Endothelium-targeted overexpression of heat shock protein 27 ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(7):E1243–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shi Y, Jiang X, Zhang L, Pu H, Hu X, Zhang W, et al. Endothelium-targeted overexpression of heat shock protein 27 ameliorates blood-brain barrier disruption after ischemic brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(7):E1243–52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
91.
go back to reference Wang Z, Chen Z, Yang J, Yang Z, Yin J, Zuo G, et al. Identification of two phosphorylation sites essential for annexin A1 in blood-brain barrier protection after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(7):2509–25.CrossRefPubMed Wang Z, Chen Z, Yang J, Yang Z, Yin J, Zuo G, et al. Identification of two phosphorylation sites essential for annexin A1 in blood-brain barrier protection after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(7):2509–25.CrossRefPubMed
92.
go back to reference Rosenberg GA, Navratil M. Metalloproteinase inhibition blocks edema in intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat. Neurology. 1997;48(4):921–6.CrossRefPubMed Rosenberg GA, Navratil M. Metalloproteinase inhibition blocks edema in intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat. Neurology. 1997;48(4):921–6.CrossRefPubMed
93.
go back to reference Katsu M, Niizuma K, Yoshioka H, Okami N, Sakata H, Chan PH. Hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress contributes to matrix metalloproteinase activation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010;30(12):1939–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Katsu M, Niizuma K, Yoshioka H, Okami N, Sakata H, Chan PH. Hemoglobin-induced oxidative stress contributes to matrix metalloproteinase activation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010;30(12):1939–50.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
94.
go back to reference Lei C, Lin S, Zhang C, Tao W, Dong W, Hao Z, et al. Activation of cerebral recovery by matrix metalloproteinase-9 after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuroscience. 2013;230:86–93.CrossRefPubMed Lei C, Lin S, Zhang C, Tao W, Dong W, Hao Z, et al. Activation of cerebral recovery by matrix metalloproteinase-9 after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuroscience. 2013;230:86–93.CrossRefPubMed
95.
go back to reference Yao Y, Tsirka SE. Chemokines and their receptors in intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):70–9.CrossRefPubMed Yao Y, Tsirka SE. Chemokines and their receptors in intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(Suppl 1):70–9.CrossRefPubMed
96.
go back to reference Dornak, T., M. Kral, Z. Sedlackova, D. Sanak, E. Cechakova, P. Divisova, et al., Predictors for intracranial hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis in posterior circulation stroke. Transl Stroke Res, 2018. Dornak, T., M. Kral, Z. Sedlackova, D. Sanak, E. Cechakova, P. Divisova, et al., Predictors for intracranial hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis in posterior circulation stroke. Transl Stroke Res, 2018.
97.
go back to reference Bhatia PM, Chamberlain R, Luo X, Hartley EW, Divani AA. Elevated blood pressure causes larger hematoma in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(4):428–34.CrossRefPubMed Bhatia PM, Chamberlain R, Luo X, Hartley EW, Divani AA. Elevated blood pressure causes larger hematoma in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2012;3(4):428–34.CrossRefPubMed
98.
go back to reference Jiang B, Li L, Chen Q, Tao Y, Yang L, Zhang B, et al. Role of glibenclamide in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):183–93.CrossRefPubMed Jiang B, Li L, Chen Q, Tao Y, Yang L, Zhang B, et al. Role of glibenclamide in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res. 2017;8(2):183–93.CrossRefPubMed
99.
go back to reference Sukumari-Ramesh S, Alleyne CH Jr, Dhandapani KM. The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) confers acute neuroprotection after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(2):141–8.CrossRefPubMed Sukumari-Ramesh S, Alleyne CH Jr, Dhandapani KM. The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) confers acute neuroprotection after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Transl Stroke Res. 2016;7(2):141–8.CrossRefPubMed
100.
go back to reference Yu L, Lu Z, Burchell S, Nowrangi D, Manaenko A, Li X, et al. Adropin preserves the blood-brain barrier through a Notch1/Hes1 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neurochem. 2017;143(6):750–60.CrossRefPubMed Yu L, Lu Z, Burchell S, Nowrangi D, Manaenko A, Li X, et al. Adropin preserves the blood-brain barrier through a Notch1/Hes1 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neurochem. 2017;143(6):750–60.CrossRefPubMed
101.
go back to reference Zhao L, Chen S, Sherchan P, Ding Y, Zhao W, Guo Z, et al. Recombinant CTRP9 administration attenuates neuroinflammation via activating adiponectin receptor 1 after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhao L, Chen S, Sherchan P, Ding Y, Zhao W, Guo Z, et al. Recombinant CTRP9 administration attenuates neuroinflammation via activating adiponectin receptor 1 after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
An Update On Medical Treatment for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors
Xiang Li
Dongxia Feng
Gang Chen
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Translational Stroke Research / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 1868-4483
Electronic ISSN: 1868-601X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-018-0664-5

Other articles of this Issue 6/2018

Translational Stroke Research 6/2018 Go to the issue