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Translational Stroke Research

01-07-2012 | Review Article

Excitatory and Mitogenic Signaling in Cell Death, Blood–brain Barrier Breakdown, and BBB Repair after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Authors: Da-Zhi Liu, Frank R. Sharp

Published in: Translational Stroke Research | Special Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in the release of a large number of endogenous molecules, including glutamate, Ca2+, ROS, thrombin, heme, iron, TNF-α, and others. These molecules participate in excitatory and mitogenic signaling transduction in which N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and Src family kinases (SFKs) are implicated. Mitogenic signaling initiates the cell cycle for normal cell division of microglia and neural progenitor cells, whereas aberrant mitogenic signaling causes toxicity, killing neurons, astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells in neurological diseases including ICH. In this review, we summarize (1) how SFKs modulate NMDA receptors to kill neurons following ICH and (2) how SFKs modulate mitogenic signaling transduction to kill neurons and play a role in disrupting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) immediately following ICH and in repairing the BBB during the recovery phases weeks following ICH.
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Metadata
Title
Excitatory and Mitogenic Signaling in Cell Death, Blood–brain Barrier Breakdown, and BBB Repair after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors
Da-Zhi Liu
Frank R. Sharp
Publication date
01-07-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Translational Stroke Research / Issue Special Issue 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1868-4483
Electronic ISSN: 1868-601X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0147-z