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BMC Endocrine Disorders
Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Type 1 Diabetes | Research

The potential of the Mediterranean diet to improve metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Didem Güneş Kaya, Neslihan Arslan, Feride Ayyıldız, Elvan Bayramoğlu, Hande Turan, Oya Ercan

Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

A chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing incidence rate, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the degeneration of the pancreatic beta cells. Diabetes management is significantly impacted by nutrition. Although it has been demonstrated that following the Mediterranean diet (MD) improves metabolic control with type 2 diabetes in children and adults, its effects on children with T1DM have not received much attention.

Objective

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The study recruited T1DM patients aged 6-18 years at İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital's Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for follow-up.

Methods

In addition to demographic variables, some anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical parameters such as: Trygliceride(TG), Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (Aspartate aminotransferase) AST, Alanine transaminase (ALT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed. The time in range (TIR) is a value obtained from continuous glucose monitoring. KIDMED was used to assess the participants' adherence with the MD.

Results

Good adherence to the MD resulted in much larger height SDS than poor adherence. Poor adherence to MD resulted in higher body fat than moderate and good adherence.
There is positivite correlation between TIR and KIDMED score. Adherence to MD is negatively associated with HbA1c. The regression anaylsis showed that a one-point rise in the KIDMED score would result in a 0.314-unit reduction in the HbA1c value (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study found that adhering to MD led to improved anthropometric measurements, biochemistry, and diabetes outcomes. Awareness among children, adolescents with T1DM, and their parents about the benefits of MD compliance for glycemic and metabolic control should be raised.
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Metadata
Title
The potential of the Mediterranean diet to improve metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors
Didem Güneş Kaya
Neslihan Arslan
Feride Ayyıldız
Elvan Bayramoğlu
Hande Turan
Oya Ercan
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Endocrine Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6823
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-024-01593-6

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