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Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Transesophageal Echocardiography | Systematic Review

Overcoming barriers for left atrial appendage thrombus: a systematic review of left atrial appendage closure

Authors: Zixi Zhang, Jiabao Zhou, Qiuzhen Lin, Cancan Wang, Yunying Huang, Yongguo Dai, Wanyun Zuo, Na Liu, Yichao Xiao, Qiming Liu

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Approximately 90% of intracardial thrombi originate from the left atrial appendage in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. Even with anticoagulant therapy, left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) still occurs in 8% of patients. While left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) could be a promising alternative, the current consensus considers LAAT a contraindication to LAAC. However, the feasibility and safety of LAAC in patients with LAAT have yet to be determined.

Methods

This systematic review synthesizes published data to explore the feasibility and safety of LAAC for patients with LAAT.

Results

This study included a total of 136 patients with LAATs who underwent successful LAAC. The Amulet Amplatzer device was the most frequently utilized device (48.5%). Among these patients, 77 (56.6%) had absolute contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. Cerebral protection devices were utilized by 47 patients (34.6%). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the primary imaging technique used during the procedure. Warfarin and novel oral anticoagulants were the main anticoagulant medications used prior to the procedure, while dual antiplatelet therapy was primarily used post-procedure. During a mean follow-up period of 13.2 ± 11.5 months, there was 1 case of fatality, 1 case of stroke, 3 major bleeding events, 3 instances of device-related thrombus, and 8 cases of peri-device leakage.

Conclusions

This review highlights the preliminary effectiveness and safety of the LAAC procedure in patients with persistent LAAT. Future large-scale RCTs with varied LAAT characteristics and LAAC device types are essential for evidence-based decision-making in clinical practice.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Overcoming barriers for left atrial appendage thrombus: a systematic review of left atrial appendage closure
Authors
Zixi Zhang
Jiabao Zhou
Qiuzhen Lin
Cancan Wang
Yunying Huang
Yongguo Dai
Wanyun Zuo
Na Liu
Yichao Xiao
Qiming Liu
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-03843-w

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