Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer, and death. Up to 40% of persons living with chronic HBV infection progress to liver cancer during their lifetime [ 1 ]. Globally, chronic HBV infection affects …

According to most recent data, more than 1,4 million individuals are detained on any given day in the European region [ 1 ]. However, due to the high turnover, the number of people who navigate through European prisons each year is considerably …

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 5 million children under the age of 5 years died in 2020 [ 1 ]. More than 80% of the deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia [ 1 ]. Child mortality rate in sub-Saharan …

Vaccines are effective in preventing many diseases, but they are not free of side effects. Adverse events occurring between 2 and 30 days after vaccination are regarded as possible consequences of immunization [ 1 ]. Moreover, it is necessary to …

The global prevalence of hepatitis B remains high at 3.9% with many people undiagnosed or not enrolled in treatment [ 1 ]. The prevalence and mortality registered in sub-Saharan Africa are even higher although the vaccine existed since 1982 [ 2 ].

A novel (nonlinear) mathematical model for the transmission of Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) with eight compartments and considering the impact of vaccination is examined in this manuscript. The qualitative behavior of the system such as the …

As of November 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 772 million cases and 6.98 million deaths worldwide [ 1 ]. In Chile, more than 5.3 million cases and 62,000 deaths have been reported [ 2 ]. At the beginning of the pandemic, the …

Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases globally with 249 million cases and 608,000 deaths in 2022 [ 1 ]. Approximately 77% of deaths occurred in children under 5 years of age, with the greatest burden in those under 3 years …

Knowledge and trust regarding childhood vaccination influence vaccine uptake in combination with other factors such as vaccine hesitancy (VH). Public health experts broadly agree that vaccinations are essential because they have significantly …

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria and transmitted by the respiratory route [ 1 ]. It is a serious infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs [ 2 ].

From 2020 to 2022, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a significant threat worldwide. Following the isolation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019, its genetic sequence …

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis ( Nm ) that manifests in meningitis and/or sepsis and can lead to long-term disability or death. The pathogen colonizes the human nasopharynx …

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared Sars-Cov-2 a pandemic [ 1 ]. To immediately address the high number of hospitalizations and deaths, institutions worldwide implemented Non-Pharmaceutical Public Health Interventions (NPHIs) …

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been considered at higher risk of serious illness and severe outcomes from COVID-19. Despite conflicting data emerged from preliminary analyses conducted in small …

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the global spread of COVID-19, a disease resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a pandemic. This virus had spread across borders …

Since May 2022, an increase in travel-unrelated Mpox infection was registered worldwide and shortly thereafter, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox a public health emergency of international concern [ 1 ]. In July and August 2022, the …