Acute myocardial infarction is still a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for roughly three million deaths yearly [ 1 ]. It is estimated that 23.6 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by 2030 [ 2 ]. Acute coronary …

Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in glycemic variability (GV) [ 1 ]. Unlike mean blood glucose indices, GV represents fluctuations in glucose levels over various time intervals, encompassing both the amplitude and …

The most common mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction include free-wall rupture, ventricular septal rupture (VSR), papillary muscle rupture and pseudoaneurysm. It is rare for a patient to experience more than one mechanical …

Over the past decade, patient admission due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in China has increased nearly four-fold due to an aging population and changing lifestyles, with a pre-hospital mortality rate of up to 10% [ 1 , 2 ].

In light of the escalating global prevalence of coronary artery disease, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been identified as a predominant contributor to cardiovascular mortality [ 1 ]. While recent advancements in primary …

Cardiovascular disease has emerged as a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) stands out as the predominant contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) …

Vascular calcification—pathological deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals—can occur throughout the vascular system, including large arteries such as the aorta, carotids, and tibial arteries, as well as in smaller vessels such as coronary arteries …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and is associated with poor outcomes. AKI is diagnosed by the dynamic change of serum Cr, but …

Coronary artery disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is believed to account for 75% of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). It is also estimated that SCD accounts for 30–50% of all coronary deaths [ 1 , 2 ]. Up to 20% of out-of-hospital cardiac …

Coronary artery disease (CAD), mostly caused by atherosclerosis of arteries that supply blood to the heart and manifested by narrowing or blockage of narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, remains one of the leading causes of death in the …

Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has replaced fibrinolysis as the preferred reperfusion strategy in the current management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [ 1 , 2 ], the latter is still the mainstay in …

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) consume substantial resources and put patients at risk [ 1 , 2 ]. Therefore, whether an RCT is needed deserves careful consideration. As a prerequisite, new RCTs can be conducted if the current evidence is …