According to the latest evidence, there are about 18 million low birth weight infants (LBW, birth weight less than 2500 g) worldwide [ 1 ]. The main causes of low birth weight are preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction [ 2 ]. Low birth …

Most very premature infants breathe at birth but require respiratory support in order to stimulate and support their breathing. A significant proportion of premature infants are affected by chorioamnionitis, defined as an umbrella term for …

Premature birth increases morbidity and mortality among children. Despite efforts to reduce preterm birth rates, premature births occur in an average of 10.6% (approximately 9–12%) of live births globally [ 1 ]. Additionally, South Korea had a …

Demographic as well as structural changes in the hospital landscape challenge medical care in many regions of Germany. One of the measures taken to meet these challenges is increasing centralization of specialized care, as successfully done in …

POI is diagnosed in the setting of amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea and serum concentration of FSH > 25 IU/l, monitored two times with at least four weeks apart in women before the age of 40. It has a prevalence of approximately 1% in the general …

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the basophils of the anterior pituitary gland. It can act together with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to promote follicle maturation, and induce ovulation and …

With an increase in the understanding of short-term and long-term health-influencing factors that affect SGA, the perinatal medical community has focused on the prevention and management of nutrition of SGA infants. Regarding the incidence of SGA …

Prematurity, defined as birth before 37 completed weeks (or 259 days) of gestation, [ 1 ] is one of the leading morbidity and mortality factors in childhood, although revolutionary developments in the management of premature babies over the past …

Pulmonary function is reduced in children after preterm birth. The variety of subgroups ranges from early to late preterm births. Limitations in pulmonary function can be observed even after late preterm birth without signs of bronchopulmonary …

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the beta-herpes virus subfamily and causes serious clinical consequences in premature infants [ 1 , 2 ], including respiratory failure, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly, and septic syndromes [ 3 , 4 …

Extremely premature infants (born below 28 weeks of gestation) are at high risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) [ 1 , 2 ]. At delivery, the lungs of extremely premature infants are still in the boundaries between the canalicular …

Preterm birth has previously been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children and adults [ 1 ]. PAH is a multifactorial disease and may have several origins, such as congenital heart disease (CHD); chronic lung disease (CLD), such …

The survival rates of very premature and low birth weight (BW) infants who are at risk of mortality and morbidity, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), have increased with advances in neonatal intensive care units [ 1 , 2 ]. ROP is a leading …

Preterm infants are born at less than 37 weeks gestational age and low birth weight infants are born with a birth weight below 2.5 kg regardless of gestational age [ 1 ]. The low birth weight could be further stratified into low birth weight …

Premature births are among the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity globally [ 1 ]. In the United States, premature births and associated complications, such as immature lung development, reduced feeding ability and inferior weight …

The development of risk perception is influenced by the individual’s self-perception of the health-disease process [ 1 ], which is characterized by the association with personal factors related to cognitive capacity, affective and biological …