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Digestive Diseases and Sciences
Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences 7/2019

01-07-2019 | Schizophrenia | Invited Review

Going Against the Grains: Gluten-Free Diets in Patients Without Celiac Disease—Worthwhile or Not?

Authors: Benjamin A. Lerner, Peter H. R. Green, Benjamin Lebwohl

Published in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Issue 7/2019

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Abstract

While the gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only known effective therapy for celiac disease, in recent years it has become increasingly popular in the USA and worldwide, with many believing it to be more “healthful” and others claiming that it has beneficial effects for health conditions, many extraintestinal, other than celiac disease. This review examines the evidence for use of the GFD in patients without celiac disease who self-report intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms (non-celiac gluten sensitivity), as well as for enhancement of athletic performance and treatment of autism, rheumatoid arthritis, and psychiatric disorders. Overall, the evidence for use of GFDs in conditions other than celiac disease is poor. Though non-celiac gluten sensitivity may ultimately emerge as a biomarker-defined condition, a large proportion of patients with apparent non-celiac gluten sensitivity have, after careful investigation, an alternative diagnosis. In light of this, and coupled with the potential physical and psychological harms associated with the avoidance of gluten, initiating a GFD should not be encouraged for people who have these other conditions or are seeking physical/athletic enhancement.
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Metadata
Title
Going Against the Grains: Gluten-Free Diets in Patients Without Celiac Disease—Worthwhile or Not?
Authors
Benjamin A. Lerner
Peter H. R. Green
Benjamin Lebwohl
Publication date
01-07-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Digestive Diseases and Sciences / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 0163-2116
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2568
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05663-x

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