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Multiple Sclerosis

Serial EBV antibody measures improve MS diagnosis

Serial measures of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers may differentiate multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.

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Editor's Choice

Eye tracking as a digital biomarker for neurodegeneration

Eye-movement biomarkers offer a noninvasive and increasingly accessible approach to detect subtle neurological and cognitive changes in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, and ALS.

Paramagnetic rim lesions may signal MS in patients with RIS

Paramagnetic rim lesions are linked to a higher long-term risk for developing clinical multiple sclerosis in people with radiologically isolated syndrome.

MS in women: how does life stage impact treatment decisions?

A practical overview of how changing physiological needs across life stages, from puberty to after menopause, shape selection of the most effective multiple sclerosis therapies to optimize long‑term outcomes.

Pregnancy outcomes linked to adult-onset MS risk

Being born large for gestational age and being exposed to maternal diabetes increase the risk for adult-onset multiple sclerosis.

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Next-generation MRI contrast agents: preparing the field (Link opens in a new window)

New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimise contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?

This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.

Independent Medical Education Grant:
  • Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
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Case Studies

Fingolimod linked to retinal vascular changes

Beyond known ocular side effects, such as macular edema, fingolimod therapy may be associated with retinal aneurysmal alterations. This case series reports a rare, potentially reversible ocular complication for clinicians managing multiple sclerosis.

When MOGAD mimics MS

  • Open Access
  • MOGAD
  • Case Study

Despite MS-like lesions and positive oligoclonal bands in this case, MOGAD was confirmed by a review of the disease course, response to treatment, and MRI findings that included rare peppered and perivascular enhancement.

MOGAD: clinical relapse after 52 years

An attack of optic neuritis after a remarkably prolonged interval, illustrating the variable disease course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. How should you manage recurrent optic neuritis?

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on functional neurological disorder

FND perplexes and frustrates patients and physicians alike. Limited knowledge and insufficient awareness delays diagnosis and treatment, and many patients feel misunderstood and stigmatized. How can you recognize FND and what are the treatment options?

Prof. Mark Edwards
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Video

Current Reviews

Needs, experiences, and knowledge of people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a scoping review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. Approximately 10–15% of people with MS have a primary progressive form (PPMS) [ 1 – 3 ], which is characterized by a steadily worsening course …

The association between prescribed hormonal contraception and multiple sclerosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by immune-mediated demyelination and axonal loss [ 1 ]. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults in …

Cold as a therapeutic frontier: place of whole-body cryotherapy in modern medicine

Originally, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) was employed as a therapeutic method for alleviating pain associated with various musculoskeletal conditions in sports medicine. In recent years, its application has gained increasing attention across …

Managing Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review with Expert Opinion from Norway

Relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) is most often diagnosed in young adulthood but may also manifest during childhood or later in life. The number of older people living with RMS (pwMS) continues to grow as life expectancy increases and MS …

Episode 21: Moving towards migraine freedom?

Newcomer PACAP could make the difference in migraine control

Anti-CGRP therapy has dramatically improved migraine treatment for many patients since its introduction in 2018. However, 30–40% of patients do not respond adequately to these drugs.

Prof. Messoud Ashina talks to us about PACAP and why targeting this pathway could offer a new future option for such patients.

Prof. Messoud Ashina
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Podcast

CME & eLearning

Next-generation MRI contrast agents: preparing the field (Link opens in a new window)

New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimize contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?

This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.

Independent Medical Education Grant:
  • Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Further Reading

Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of disease severity and associated disability. Six percent of people with MS (pwMS) have an aggressive MS course, defined as requiring ambulatory assistance (Expanded Disability …

NeuroViOme: a viral orfeome collection for studies of neurodegenerative disease

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pose a global health challenge due to their progressive course and lack of curative therapies. These …

ULK1-driven autophagy modulation alters tumor-promoting pathways in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies and poor prognosis. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a central regulator of autophagy, has emerged as a potential therapeutic node in cancer but remains …

Cross-sectional brain volumetric measures and disability outcomes in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

In routine multiple sclerosis (MS) care, use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains limited to visual lesion surveillance. However, conventional lesion metrics show modest associations with disability outcomes—a phenomenon termed the …

Image Credits
Blood test/© Alexander Raths / stock.adobe.com, Eye tracking concept/© maxsim / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Young woman having MRI/© LIGHTFIELD STUDIOS / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with models), Illustration of female aging process/© A-Digit / Getty Images, Pregnant woman holding her stomach/© Orientfootage / Getty Images / iStock (symbolic image with model), Abstract graphic of layered, concentric circular shapes in bright green, pink, blue, and purple on a dark blue background. The rings and segments form a complex radial pattern without text/© Springer Health+ IME, Doctor and pregnant woman at hospital/© Syda Productions / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with models), OCT scans indicating retinal aneurysmal changes/© 2025, Feliciana Menna et al, Neurol Ther, Illustration of a person removing a mask/© Planet Flem / Getty Images / iStock, Doctor analyzing OCT scan/© Mariia Vitkovska / Getty Images (symbolic image with model), Human brain illustration/© (M) CHRISTOPH BURGSTEDT / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images, Medicine Matters Podcast promo image/© Springer Medizin GmbH