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Serial measures of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers may differentiate multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.
Eye-movement biomarkers offer a noninvasive and increasingly accessible approach to detect subtle neurological and cognitive changes in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, and ALS.
Paramagnetic rim lesions are linked to a higher long-term risk for developing clinical multiple sclerosis in people with radiologically isolated syndrome.
A practical overview of how changing physiological needs across life stages, from puberty to after menopause, shape selection of the most effective multiple sclerosis therapies to optimize long‑term outcomes.
New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimise contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?
This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.
Beyond known ocular side effects, such as macular edema, fingolimod therapy may be associated with retinal aneurysmal alterations. This case series reports a rare, potentially reversible ocular complication for clinicians managing multiple sclerosis.
Despite MS-like lesions and positive oligoclonal bands in this case, MOGAD was confirmed by a review of the disease course, response to treatment, and MRI findings that included rare peppered and perivascular enhancement.
An attack of optic neuritis after a remarkably prolonged interval, illustrating the variable disease course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. How should you manage recurrent optic neuritis?
FND perplexes and frustrates patients and physicians alike. Limited knowledge and insufficient awareness delays diagnosis and treatment, and many patients feel misunderstood and stigmatized. How can you recognize FND and what are the treatment options?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. Approximately 10–15% of people with MS have a primary progressive form (PPMS) [ 1 – 3 ], which is characterized by a steadily worsening course …
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by immune-mediated demyelination and axonal loss [ 1 ]. It is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults in …
Originally, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) was employed as a therapeutic method for alleviating pain associated with various musculoskeletal conditions in sports medicine. In recent years, its application has gained increasing attention across …
Relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) is most often diagnosed in young adulthood but may also manifest during childhood or later in life. The number of older people living with RMS (pwMS) continues to grow as life expectancy increases and MS …
Newcomer PACAP could make the difference in migraine control
Anti-CGRP therapy has dramatically improved migraine treatment for many patients since its introduction in 2018. However, 30–40% of patients do not respond adequately to these drugs.
Prof. Messoud Ashina talks to us about PACAP and why targeting this pathway could offer a new future option for such patients.
New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimize contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?
This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease with a spectrum of disease severity and associated disability. Six percent of people with MS (pwMS) have an aggressive MS course, defined as requiring ambulatory assistance (Expanded Disability …
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pose a global health challenge due to their progressive course and lack of curative therapies. These …
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies and poor prognosis. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a central regulator of autophagy, has emerged as a potential therapeutic node in cancer but remains …
In routine multiple sclerosis (MS) care, use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains limited to visual lesion surveillance. However, conventional lesion metrics show modest associations with disability outcomes—a phenomenon termed the …