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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
Published in: Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Stroke | Research

Online compensation detecting for real-time reduction of compensatory motions during reaching: a pilot study with stroke survivors

Authors: Siqi Cai, Xuyang Wei, Enze Su, Weifeng Wu, Haiqing Zheng, Longhan Xie

Published in: Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation | Issue 1/2020

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Abstract

Background

Compensations are commonly observed in patients with stroke when they engage in reaching without supervision; these behaviors may be detrimental to long-term functional improvement. Automatic detection and reduction of compensation cab help patients perform tasks correctly and promote better upper extremity recovery.

Objective

Our first objective is to verify the feasibility of detecting compensation online using machine learning methods and pressure distribution data. Second objective was to investigate whether compensations of stroke survivors can be reduced by audiovisual or force feedback. The third objective was to compare the effectiveness of audiovisual and force feedback in reducing compensation.

Methods

Eight patients with stroke performed reaching tasks while pressure distribution data were recorded. Both the offline and online recognition accuracy were investigated to assess the feasibility of applying a support vector machine (SVM) based compensation detection system. During reduction of compensation, audiovisual feedback was delivered using virtual reality technology, and force feedback was delivered through a rehabilitation robot.

Results

Good classification performance was obtained in online compensation recognition, with an average F1-score of over 0.95. Based on accurate online detection, real-time feedback significantly decreased compensations of patients with stroke in comparison with no-feedback condition (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the difference between audiovisual and force feedback was also significant (p < 0.001) and force feedback was more effective in reducing compensation in patients with stroke.

Conclusions

Accurate online recognition validated the feasibility of monitoring compensations using machine learning algorithms and pressure distribution data. Reliable online detection also paved the way for reducing compensations by providing feedback to patients with stroke. Our findings suggested that real-time feedback could be an effective approach to reducing compensatory patterns and force feedback demonstrated a more enviable potential compared with audiovisual feedback.
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Metadata
Title
Online compensation detecting for real-time reduction of compensatory motions during reaching: a pilot study with stroke survivors
Authors
Siqi Cai
Xuyang Wei
Enze Su
Weifeng Wu
Haiqing Zheng
Longhan Xie
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Stroke
Published in
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1743-0003
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-020-00687-1

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