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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Serological markers to measure recent changes in malaria at population level in Cambodia

Authors: Karen Kerkhof, Vincent Sluydts, Laura Willen, Saorin Kim, Lydie Canier, Somony Heng, Takafumi Tsuboi, Tho Sochantha, Siv Sovannaroth, Didier Ménard, Marc Coosemans, Lies Durnez

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Serological markers for exposure to different Plasmodium species have recently been used in multiplex immunoassays based on the Luminex technology. However, interpretation of the assay results requires consideration of the half-life of specific antibodies against these markers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to document the half-life of malaria specific serological makers, as well as assessing the sensitivity of these markers to pick up recent changes in malaria exposure.

Methods

A recently developed multiplex immunoassay was used to measure the intensity of antibody (Ab) responses against 19 different Plasmodium specific antigens, covering different human malaria parasites and two vector saliva antigens. Therefore, 8439 blood samples from five cross-sectional surveys in Ratanakiri, Cambodia, were analysed. These involve a random selection from two selected surveys, and an additional set of blood samples of individuals that were randomly re-sampled three, four or five times. A generalized estimating equation model and linear regression models were fitted on log transformed antibody intensity data.

Results

Results showed that most (17/21) Ab-responses are higher in PCR positive than PCR negative individuals. Furthermore, these antibody-responses follow the same upward trend within each age group. Estimation of the half-lives showed differences between serological markers that reflect short- (seasonal) and long-term (year round) transmission trends. Ab levels declined significantly together with a decrease of PCR prevalence in a group of malaria endemic villages.

Conclusion

For Plasmodium falciparum, antibodies against LSA3.RE, GLURP and Pf.GLURP.R2 are most likely to be a reflexion of recent (range from 6 to 8 months) exposure in the Mekong Subregion. PvEBP is the only Plasmodium vivax Ag responding reasonably well, in spite of an estimated Ab half-life of more than 1 year. The use of Ab intensity data rather dichotomizing the continuous Ab-titre data (positive vs negative) will lead to an improved approach for serological surveillance.
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Metadata
Title
Serological markers to measure recent changes in malaria at population level in Cambodia
Authors
Karen Kerkhof
Vincent Sluydts
Laura Willen
Saorin Kim
Lydie Canier
Somony Heng
Takafumi Tsuboi
Tho Sochantha
Siv Sovannaroth
Didier Ménard
Marc Coosemans
Lies Durnez
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1576-z

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