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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research

Population genetic structure and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates

Authors: Jung-Mi Kang, Jinyoung Lee, Pyo-Yun Cho, Sung-Ung Moon, Hye-Lim Ju, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2015

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Abstract

Background

Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) is a leading candidate antigen for blood stage malaria vaccine. However, antigenic variation is a major obstacle in the development of an effective vaccine based on this antigen. In this study, the genetic structure and the effect of natural selection of PvAMA-1 among Korean P. vivax isolates were analysed.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 66 Korean patients with vivax malaria. The entire PvAMA-1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a TA cloning vector. The PvAMA-1 sequence of each isolate was sequenced and the polymorphic characteristics and effect of natural selection were analysed using the DNASTAR, MEGA4, and DnaSP programs.

Results

Thirty haplotypes of PvAMA-1, which were further classified into seven different clusters, were identified in the 66 Korean P. vivax isolates. Domain II was highly conserved among the sequences, but substantial nucleotide diversity was observed in domains I and III. The difference between the rates of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations suggested that the gene has evolved under natural selection. No strong evidence indicating balancing or positive selection on PvAMA-1 was identified. Recombination may also play a role in the resulting genetic diversity of PvAMA-1.

Conclusions

This study is the first comprehensive analysis of nucleotide diversity across the entire PvAMA-1 gene using a single population sample from Korea. Korean PvAMA-1 had limited genetic diversity compared to PvAMA-1 in global isolates. The overall pattern of genetic polymorphism of Korean PvAMA-1 differed from other global isolates and novel amino acid changes were also identified in Korean PvAMA-1. Evidences for natural selection and recombination event were observed, which is likely to play an important role in generating genetic diversity across the PvAMA-1. These results provide useful information for the understanding the population structure of P. vivax circulating in Korea and have important implications for the design of a vaccine incorporating PvAMA-1.
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Metadata
Title
Population genetic structure and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates
Authors
Jung-Mi Kang
Jinyoung Lee
Pyo-Yun Cho
Sung-Ung Moon
Hye-Lim Ju
Seong Kyu Ahn
Woon-Mok Sohn
Hyeong-Woo Lee
Tong-Soo Kim
Byoung-Kuk Na
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0942-6

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