Published in:
Open Access 01-12-2018 | Correction
Correction to: Hand dexterity, not handgrip strength, is associated with executive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study
Published in: BMC Geriatrics | Issue 1/2018
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Following the publication of this article [1], the authors reported a typesetting error in Table 1 that resulted in missing asterisks. This correction shows both the incorrect and correct versions of Table 1, and Table 1 has also been corrected in the original article.
Table 1
Comparison of covariates, hand and cognitive variables among age categories (N = 326)
|
Variables
|
Age categories
|
p-value
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
60-64 (n = 54)
|
65-69 (n = 104)
|
70-74 (n= 101)
|
≥ 75 (n = 67)
|
||
|
Years of education
|
14.4 ± 2.5
|
13.4 ± 2.2
|
13.3 ± 2.5
|
12.8 ± 2.7
|
0.004
|
|
TMIG-IC
|
12.2 ± 0.8
|
12.3 ± 0.9
|
12.4 ± 0.9
|
12.2 ± 1.3
|
0.645
|
|
GDS
|
2.3 ± 2.1
|
3.1 ± 2.5
|
2.5 ± 2.3
|
3.0 ± 2.3
|
0.09
|
|
Heart disease, n (%)
|
2 (3.7)
|
1 (1.0)
|
11 (10.9)
|
7 (10.4)
|
0.012a
|
|
Diabetes, n (%)
|
2 (3.7)
|
9 (8.7)
|
6 (5.9)
|
5 (7.5)
|
0.670a
|
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
11 (20.4)
|
23 (22.1)
|
27 (26.7)
|
28 (41.8)
|
0.020a
|
|
Stroke, n (%)
|
3 (5.6)
|
6 (5.8)
|
5 (5.0)
|
3 (4.5)
|
0.983a
|
|
Hand motor variables, mean ± SD
|
|||||
|
Handgrip strength (Kg)
|
23.4 ± 4.7
|
22.6 ± 5.3
|
22.9 ± 7.0
|
20.9 ± 6.3
|
0.104
|
|
PPT (Number of pegs)
|
14.5 ± 1.5
|
13.7 ± 2.1
|
13.1 ± 1.9
|
11.9 ± 1.9†,‡
|
<0.001
|
|
Cognitive variables, mean ± SD
|
|||||
|
MMSE
|
29.2 ± 0.9
|
28.8 ±1.3
|
28.9 ± 1.0
|
28.6 ± 1.3
|
0.023
|
|
TMT-A
|
30.2 ± 7.7
|
35.3 ± 13.2
|
37.9 ± 11.1
|
43.2 ±12.4†,‡
|
<0.001
|
|
TMT-B
|
74.5 ± 18.6
|
91.9 ± 37.6
|
107.4 ± 39.9†
|
121.6 ±40.8†
|
<0.001
|
|
Digit symbolb
|
67.7 ± 9.3
|
60.2 ± 13.8
|
55.3 ± 10.9
|
45.6 ± 8.4†,‡
|
<0.001
|
Table 1
Comparison of covariates, hand and cognitive variables among age categories (N = 326)
|
Variables
|
Age categories
|
p-value
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
60-64
(n = 54)
|
65-69
(n = 104)
|
70-74
(n = 101)
|
≥ 75
(n = 67)
|
||
|
Years of education
|
14.4 ± 2.5
|
13.4 ± 2.2
|
13.3 ± 2.5*
|
12.8 ± 2.7*
|
0.004
|
|
TMIG-IC
|
12.2 ± 0.8
|
12.3 ± 0.9
|
12.4 ± 0.9
|
12.2 ± 1.3
|
0.645
|
|
GDS
|
2.3 ± 2.1
|
3.1 ± 2.5
|
2.5 ± 2.3
|
3.0 ± 2.3
|
0.09
|
|
Heart disease, n (%)
|
2 (3.7)
|
1 (1.0)
|
11 (10.9)
|
7 (10.4)
|
0.012a
|
|
Diabetes, n (%)
|
2 (3.7)
|
9 (8.7)
|
6 (5.9)
|
5 (7.5)
|
0.670a
|
|
Hypertension, n (%)
|
11 (20.4)
|
23 (22.1)
|
27 (26.7)
|
28 (41.8)
|
0.020a
|
|
Stroke, n (%)
|
3 (5.6)
|
6 (5.8)
|
5 (5.0)
|
3 (4.5)
|
0.983a
|
|
Hand motor variables, mean ± SD
|
|||||
|
Handgrip strength (Kg)
|
23.4 ± 4.7
|
22.6 ± 5.3
|
22.9 ± 7.0
|
20.9 ± 6.3
|
0.104
|
|
PPT (Number of pegs)
|
14.5 ± 1.5
|
13.7 ± 2.1
|
13.1 ± 1.9*
|
11.9 ± 1.9*,†,‡
|
<0.001
|
|
Cognitive variables, mean ± SD
|
|||||
|
MMSE
|
29.2 ± 0.9
|
28.8 ±1.3
|
28.9 ± 1.0
|
28.6 ± 1.3*
|
0.023
|
|
TMT-A
|
30.2 ± 7.7
|
35.3 ± 13.2
|
37.9 ± 11.1*
|
43.2 ±12.4*,†,‡
|
<0.001
|
|
TMT-B
|
74.5 ± 18.6
|
91.9 ± 37.6*
|
107.4 ± 39.9*,†
|
121.6 ±40.8*,†
|
<0.001
|
|
Digit symbolb
|
67.7 ± 9.3
|
60.2 ± 13.8
|
55.3 ± 10.9*
|
45.6 ± 8.4*,†,‡
|
<0.001
|