Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus | Research article

Aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics in treatment-naïve HIV infection: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Guillermo Adrián Alanis-Sánchez, Luz Alicia González-Hernández, Monserrat Álvarez-Zavala, Rodolfo Ismael Cabrera-Silva, Jaime Federico Andrade-Villanueva, Karina Sánchez-Reyes, Moisés Ramos-Solano, Diego Alberto Castañeda-Zaragoza, David Cardona-Müller, Sylvia Totsuka-Sutto, Ernesto Cardona-Muñoz, Carlos G. Ramos-Becerra

Published in: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). HIV infection causes a chronic inflammatory state and increases oxidative stress which can cause endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Aortic stiffness measured by carotid femoral-pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and central hemodynamics are independent cardiovascular risk factors and have the prognostic ability for CVD. We assessed cfPWV and central hemodynamics in young individuals with recent HIV infection diagnosis and without antiretroviral therapy. We hypothesized that individuals living with HIV would present greater cfPWV and central hemodynamics (central systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure) compared to uninfected controls.

Methods

We recruited 51 treatment-naïve individuals living with HIV (HIV(+)) without previous CVD and 51 age- and sex-matched controls (HIV negative (−)). We evaluated traditional CVD risk factors including metabolic profile, blood pressure (BP), smoking, HIV viral load, and CD4+ T-cells count. Arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics were evaluated by cfPWV, central systolic BP, and central pulse pressure (cPP) via applanation tonometry.

Results

HIV(+) individuals presented a greater prevalence of smoking, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index. 65.9% of HIV(+) individuals exhibited lymphocyte CD4+ T-cells count < 500 cells/μL. There was no difference in brachial or central BP between groups; however, HIV(+) individuals showed significantly lower cPP. We observed a greater cfPWV (mean difference = 0.5 m/s; p < 0.01) in HIV(+) compared to controls, even after adjusting for heart rate, mean arterial pressure and smoking.

Conclusion

In the early stages of infection, non-treated HIV individuals present a greater prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors, arterial stiffness, and normal or in some cases central hemodynamics.
Literature
1.
Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(7):2506–12.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Chow FC, Regan S, Feske S, Meigs JB, Grinspoon SK, Triant VA. Comparison of ischemic stroke incidence in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in a US health care system. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;60(4):351–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
3.
Butt AA, Chang C-C, Kuller L, Goetz MB, Leaf D, Rimland D, Gibert CL, Oursler KK, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Lim J. Risk of heart failure with human immunodeficiency virus in the absence of prior diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(8):737–43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Stacey AR, Norris PJ, Qin L, Haygreen EA, Taylor E, Heitman J, Lebedeva M, DeCamp A, Li D, Grove D. Induction of a striking systemic cytokine cascade prior to peak viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, in contrast to more modest and delayed responses in acute hepatitis B and C virus infections. J Virol. 2009;83(8):3719–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Vazquez-Castellanos J, Serrano-Villar S, Latorre A, Artacho A, Ferrus M, Madrid N, Vallejo A, Sainz T, Martínez-Botas J, Ferrando-Martínez S. Altered metabolism of gut microbiota contributes to chronic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(4):760–72.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Daniyam C, Iroezindu M. Lipid profile of anti retroviral treatment naive HIV infected patients in Jos, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3(1):26–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74(5):1045–52.PubMed
8.
Clapp BR, Hingorani AD, Kharbanda RK, Mohamed-Ali V, Stephens JW, Vallance P, MacAllister RJ. Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involves reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;64(1):172–8.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Dubé MP, Gorski JC, Shen C. Severe impairment of endothelial function with the HIV-1 protease inhibitor indinavir is not mediated by insulin resistance in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2008;8(1):15–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Gujuluva C, Burns AR, Pushkarsky T, Popik W, Berger O, Bukrinsky M, Graves MC, Fiala M. HIV-1 penetrates coronary artery endothelial cells by transcytosis. Mol Med. 2001;7(3):169–76.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Toborek M, Lee YW, Pu H, Malecki A, Flora G, Garrido R, Hennig B, Bauer HC, Nath A. HIV-tat protein induces oxidative and inflammatory pathways in brain endothelium. J Neurochem. 2003;84(1):169–79.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Yarasheski KE, Laciny E, Overton ET, Reeds DN, Harrod M, Baldwin S, Dávila-Román VG. 18 FDG PET-CT imaging detects arterial inflammation and early atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. J Inflamm. 2012;9(1):26.CrossRef
13.
Prskalo Z, Brizić I, Markota D, Markota I, Boban M, Tomic M, Starcevic B. Arterial stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease: relation with in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16(1):128.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Weber T, Auer J, O’Rourke MF, Kvas E, Lassnig E, Berent R, Eber B. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2004;109(2):184–9.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Mattace-Raso FU, van der Cammen TJ, Hofman A, van Popele NM, Bos ML, Schalekamp M, Asmar R, Reneman RS, Hoeks AP, Breteler MM. Arterial stiffness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Circulation. 2006;113(5):657–63.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Gleason RL Jr, Caulk AW, Seifu D, Parker I, Vidakovic B, Getenet H, Assefa G, Amogne W. Current Efavirenz (EFV) or ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) use correlates with elevate markers of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected subjects in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0117125.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Maloberti A, Dozio D, Betelli M, Bandera A, Squillace N, Gori A, Castoldi G, Stella A, Mancia G, Giannattasio C. Brachial and central blood pressure in HIV-infected subjects. Hypertens Res. 2015;38(6):405.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Schillaci G, De Socio GV, Pucci G, Mannarino MR, Helou J, Pirro M, Mannarino E. Aortic stiffness in untreated adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hypertension. 2008;52(2):308–13.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Lekakis J, Ikonomidis I, Palios J, Tsiodras S, Karatzis E, Poulakou G, Rallidis L, Antoniadou A, Panagopoulos P, Papadopoulos A. Association of highly active antiretroviral therapy with increased arterial stiffness in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(8):828–34.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Safar ME, Henry O, Meaume S. Aortic pulse wave velocity: an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2002;11(5):295–304.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Shokawa T, Imazu M, Yamamoto H, Toyofuku M, Tasaki N, Okimoto T, Yamane K, Kohno N. Pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular mortality. Circ J. 2005;69(3):259–64.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Meaume S, Benetos A, Henry O, Rudnichi A, Safar M. Aortic pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular mortality in subjects> 70 years of age. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(12):2046–50.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Kollias A, Lagou S, Zeniodi ME, Boubouchairopoulou N, Stergiou GS. Association of Central Versus Brachial Blood Pressure with Target-Organ Damage: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2016;67(1):183–90.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Safar ME, Blacher J, Pannier B, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Guyonvarc’h P-M, London GM. Central pulse pressure and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 2002;39(3):735–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR, Lee ET, Galloway JM, Ali T, Umans JG, Howard BV. Central pressure more strongly relates to vascular disease and outcome than does brachial pressure: the strong heart study. Hypertension. 2007;50(1):197–203.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Xu Y, Chen X, Wang K. Global prevalence of hypertension among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2017;11(8):530–40.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Freiberg MS, Chang CC, Kuller LH, Skanderson M, Lowy E, Kraemer KL, Butt AA, Bidwell Goetz M, Leaf D, Oursler KA, et al. HIV infection and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(8):614–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Lopez-Sublet M, Honoré P, Bentata M, Bratis C, Rouges F, Krivitzky A, Dhôte R, Mourad JJ. Protease inhibitor treatment effect on aortic stiffness in normotensive patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Mal Vasc. 2012;37(4):179–85.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Monteiro P, Miranda-Filho D, Bandeira F, Lacerda H, Chaves H, Albuquerque M, Montarroyos U, Ximenes R. Is arterial stiffness in HIV-infected individuals associated with HIV-related factors? Braz J Med Biol Res. 2012;45(9):818–26.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
Echeverría P, Bonjoch A, Moltó J, Jou A, Puig J, Ornelas A, Pérez-Álvarez N, Clotet B, Negredo E. Pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in HIV-infected patients compared with a healthy population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;65(1):50–6.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Eira M, Bensenor IM, Dorea EL, Cunha RS, Mill JG, Lotufo PA. Potent antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection increases aortic stiffness. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(6):1100–7.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, Pannier B, Vlachopoulos C, Wilkinson I, Struijker-Boudier H. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(21):2588–605.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Townsend RR, Wilkinson IB, Schiffrin EL, Avolio AP, Chirinos JA, Cockcroft JR, Heffernan KS, Lakatta EG, McEniery CM, Mitchell GF. Recommendations for improving and standardizing vascular research on arterial stiffness: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2015;66(3):698–722.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: 'establishing normal and reference values'. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(19):2338–50.
35.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Haralambieva IH, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Larrabee BR, Pankratz VS, Poland GA. Race and sex-based differences in cytokine immune responses to smallpox vaccine in healthy individuals. Hum Immunol. 2013;74(10):1263–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Haffner SM, Saad MF, Rewers M, Mykkänen L, Selby J, Howard G, Savage PJ, Hamman RF, Wegenknecht LE, Bergman RN. Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study. Diabetes. 1996;45(6):742–8.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Harrison KM, Song R, Zhang X. Life expectancy after HIV diagnosis based on national HIV surveillance data from 25 states, United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(1):124–30.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Rose H, Low H, Dewar E, Bukrinsky M, Hoy J, Dart A, Sviridov D. The effect of HIV infection on atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism: a one year prospective study. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229(1):206–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Baker JV, Duprez D, Rapkin J, Hullsiek KH, Quick H, Grimm R, Neaton JD, Henry K. Untreated HIV infection and large and small artery elasticity. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(1):25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
41.
Vlachopoulos C, Sambatakou H, Tsiachris D, Mariolis I, Aznaouridis K, Ioakeimidis N, Archimandritis AJ, Stefanadis C. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on arterial stiffness and wave reflections in the early disease stages. Artery Res. 2009;3(3):104–10.CrossRef
42.
van Vonderen MG, Hassink EA, van Agtmael MA, Stehouwer CD, Danner SA, Reiss P, Smulders Y. Increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness but improvement in several markers of endothelial function after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(8):1186–94.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Schillaci G, De Socio GV, Pirro M, Savarese G, Mannarino MR, Baldelli F, Stagni G, Mannarino E. Impact of treatment with protease inhibitors on aortic stiffness in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(11):2381–5.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Gutterman DD, Chabowski DS, Kadlec AO, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Ait-Aissa K, Beyer AM. The human microcirculation: regulation of flow and beyond. Circ Res. 2016;118(1):157–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
46.
Ivanov AV, Valuev-Elliston VT, Ivanova ON, Kochetkov SN, Starodubova ES, Bartosch B, Isaguliants MG. Oxidative stress during HIV infection: mechanisms and consequences. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:8910396.CrossRef
47.
Zhou R-H, Vendrov AE, Tchivilev I, Niu X-L, Molnar KC, Rojas M, Carter JD, Tong H, Stouffer GA, Madamanchi NR. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in aortic stiffening with age: the role of smooth muscle cell function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32(3):745–55.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Bogden JD, Kemp FW, Han S, Li W, Bruening K, Denny T, Oleske JM, Lloyd J, Baker H, Perez G. Status of selected nutrients and progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(3):809–15.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Gil L, Martı́nez G, González I, Tarinas A, Álvarez A, Giuliani A, Molina R, Tápanes R, Pérez J, León OS. Contribution to characterization of oxidative stress in HIV/AIDS patients. Pharmacol Res. 2003;47(3):217–24.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Godin D, Ivan E, Johnson C, Magid R, Galis ZS. Remodeling of carotid artery is associated with increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases in mouse blood flow cessation model. Circulation. 2000;102(23):2861–6.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Yasmin WS, McEniery CM, Dakham Z, Pusalkar P, Maki-Petaja K, Ashby MJ, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-2, and serum elastase activity are associated with systolic hypertension and arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(2):372–8.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Misse D, Esteve P-O, Renneboog B, Vidal M, Cerutti M, St Pierre Y, Yssel H, Parmentier M, Veas F. HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 induces the MMP-9 cytopathogenic factor production that is abolished by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Blood. 2001;98(3):541–7.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Ju SM, Song HY, Lee JA, Lee SJ, Choi SY, Park J. Extracellular HIV-1 tat up-regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 via a MAPK-NF-κB dependent pathway in human astrocytes. Exp Mol Med. 2009;41(2):86–93.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
54.
Squillace N, Trabattoni D, Muscatello A, Sabbatini F, Maloberti A, Giannattasio C, Masetti M, Fenizia C, Soria A, Clerici M, et al. Evaluation of adhesion molecules and immune parameters in HIV-infected patients treated with an atazanavir/ritonavir- compared with a lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimen. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(8):2162–70.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Seaberg EC, Benning L, Sharrett AR, Lazar JM, Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Siedner MJ, Phair JP, Kingsley LA, Kaplan RC. Association between human immunodeficiency virus infection and stiffness of the common carotid artery. Stroke. 2010;41(10):2163–70.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Delemarre F, Stevenhagen A, Kroon FP, Meenhorst P. Reduced toxoplasmastatic activity of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from AIDS patients is mediated via prostaglandin E2. AIDS. 1995;9(5):441–5.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Foley P, Kazazi F, Biti R, Sorrell TC, Cunningham AL. HIV infection of monocytes inhibits the T-lymphocyte proliferative response to recall antigens, via production of eicosanoids. Immunology. 1992;75(3):391–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Weiss L, Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Laude M, Gilquin J, Kazatchkine MD. HIV infection is associated with the spontaneous production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in vivo and with an abnormal release of IL-1 alpha in vitro. AIDS (London, England). 1989;3(11):695–9.CrossRef
59.
60.
O'Rourke M. Systolic blood pressure: arterial compliance and early wave reflection, and their modification by antihypertensive therapy. J Hum Hypertens. 1989;3(Suppl 1):47–52.PubMed
61.
Fellay J, Ledergerber B, Bernasconi E, Furrer H, Battegay M, Hirschel B, Vernazza P, Francioli P, Greub G, Flepp M. Prevalence of adverse events associated with potent antiretroviral treatment: Swiss HIV cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358(9290):1322–7.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Dubé MP, Sprecher D, Henry WK, Aberg JA, Torriani FJ, Hodis HN, Schouten J, Levin J, Myers G, Zackin R, et al. Preliminary guidelines for the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and receiving antiretroviral therapy: recommendations of the adult AIDS clinical trial group cardiovascular disease focus group. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(5):1216–24.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Maloberti A, Giannattasio C, Dozio D, Betelli M, Villa P, Nava S, Cesana F, Facchetti R, Giupponi L, Castagna F, et al. Metabolic syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects: prevalence, phenotype, and related alterations in arterial structure and function. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2013;11(6):403–11.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Lopes-Vicente WRP, Rodrigues S, Cepeda FX, Jordão CP, Costa-Hong V, Dutra-Marques ACB, Carvalho JC, Alves M, Bortolotto LA, Trombetta IC. Arterial stiffness and its association with clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:87.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Cockerill GW, Huehns TY, Weerasinghe A, Stocker C, Lerch PG, Miller NE, Haskard DO. Elevation of plasma high-density lipoprotein concentration reduces interleukin-1–induced expression of E-selectin in an in vivo model of acute inflammation. Circulation. 2001;103(1):108–12.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Antiatherogenic function of HDL particle subpopulations: focus on antioxidative activities. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21(4):312–8.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Mineo C, Shaul PW. HDL stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase: a novel mechanism of HDL action. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2003;13(6):226–31.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Spieker LE, Sudano I, Hürlimann D, Lerch PG, Lang MG, Binggeli C, Corti R, Ruschitzka F, Lüscher TF, Noll G. High-density lipoprotein restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men. Circulation. 2002;105(12):1399–402.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zeng Y, Ye YC, Luo L, Qiu ZF, Han Y, Li XM, Fang Q, Zhang SY, Li TS. Premature atherosclerosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chin Med J. 2010;123(23):3396–9.PubMed
70.
Ferraioli G, Tinelli C, Maggi P, Gervasoni C, Grima P, Viskovic K, Carerj S, Filice G, Filice C. Group ASEiH-ISS: arterial stiffness evaluation in HIV-positive patients: a multicenter matched control study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(5):1258–62.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics in treatment-naïve HIV infection: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Pedro Martínez-Ayala
Guillermo Adrián Alanis-Sánchez
Luz Alicia González-Hernández
Monserrat Álvarez-Zavala
Rodolfo Ismael Cabrera-Silva
Jaime Federico Andrade-Villanueva
Karina Sánchez-Reyes
Moisés Ramos-Solano
Diego Alberto Castañeda-Zaragoza
David Cardona-Müller
Sylvia Totsuka-Sutto
Ernesto Cardona-Muñoz
Carlos G. Ramos-Becerra
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2261
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01722-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 1/2020 Go to the issue

Research article

Different adiposity indices and their associations with hypertension among Chinese population from Jiangxi province

Case report

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and pituitary apoplexy: a case report

Research article

Impact of liver damage on blood-borne variables and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia in anesthetized rats

Research article

The COngenital HeARt Disease in adult and Pulmonary Hypertension (COHARD-PH) registry: a descriptive study from single-center hospital registry of adult congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension in Indonesia

Case report

Acute peripheral pulmonary embolism attributed to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: a case report

Research article

Evolution of left ventricular function among subjects with ST-elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Heart Failure Video

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.

Watch now

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

16-04-2024 Type 2 Diabetes News

Incentivised to exercise

11-04-2024 Lifestyle Modifications News

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

10-04-2024 Myocardial Infarction News

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Image Credits