Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Clinical and Translational Medicine 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Short report

Granulocyte-to-dendritic cell-ratio as marker for the immune monitoring in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Authors: Dagmar Riemann, Sabine Hase, Kersten Fischer, Barbara Seliger

Published in: Clinical and Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a predictor of patients’ outcome for several types of malignancies.

Findings

Using multicolor flow cytometry we searched for predictive markers to monitor blood immune cells in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing surgery of the primary tumor. Due to a high standard deviation, pre-surgery NLR values did not significantly differ between tumor patients and the control group. In contrast, the granulocyte-to-dendritic cell (DC) ratio revealed significant higher values in tumor patients. Whereas NLR values did not differ between patients with early stage tumors and locally advanced tumors, the granulocyte/DC ratio was significantly different in these groups. Additionally, comparison of both ratios before and after tumor resection in the two groups “open surgery” and “laparoscopy” could demonstrate the suitability of granulocyte/DC ratio as a marker for immune monitoring.

Conclusions

Granulocyte/DC ratio may serve as a new putative biomarker for the immune monitoring of tumor patients.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Motzer RJ, Bander NH, Nanus DM: Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996, 335: 865–875. 10.1056/NEJM199609193351207CrossRefPubMed Motzer RJ, Bander NH, Nanus DM: Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996, 335: 865–875. 10.1056/NEJM199609193351207CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Downs TM, Schultzel M, Shi H, Sanders C, Tahir Z, Sadler GR: Renal cell carcinoma: risk assessment and prognostic factors for newly diagnosed patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009, 70: 59–70. 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.08.006PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Downs TM, Schultzel M, Shi H, Sanders C, Tahir Z, Sadler GR: Renal cell carcinoma: risk assessment and prognostic factors for newly diagnosed patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009, 70: 59–70. 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.08.006PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Donskov F, Von der Maase H: Impact of immune parameters on long-term survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24: 1997–2005. 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.9594CrossRefPubMed Donskov F, Von der Maase H: Impact of immune parameters on long-term survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2006, 24: 1997–2005. 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.9594CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, Warren MA, Golshayan AR, Sahi C, Eigl BJ, Ruether JD, Cheng T, North S, Venner P, Knox JJ, Chi KN, Kollmannsberger C, McDermott DF, Oh WK, Atkins MB, Bukowski RM, Rini BI, Choueiri TK: Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27: 5794–5799. 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.4809CrossRefPubMed Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, Warren MA, Golshayan AR, Sahi C, Eigl BJ, Ruether JD, Cheng T, North S, Venner P, Knox JJ, Chi KN, Kollmannsberger C, McDermott DF, Oh WK, Atkins MB, Bukowski RM, Rini BI, Choueiri TK: Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27: 5794–5799. 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.4809CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Pichler M, Hutterer GC, Stoeckigt C, Chromecki TF, Stojakovic T, Golbeck S, Eberhard K, Gerger A, Mannweiler S, Pummer K, Zigeuner R: Validation of the pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in a large European cohort of renal cell carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer 2013, 108: 901–907. 10.1038/bjc.2013.28PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Pichler M, Hutterer GC, Stoeckigt C, Chromecki TF, Stojakovic T, Golbeck S, Eberhard K, Gerger A, Mannweiler S, Pummer K, Zigeuner R: Validation of the pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in a large European cohort of renal cell carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer 2013, 108: 901–907. 10.1038/bjc.2013.28PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Ohno Y, Nakashima J, Ohori M, Gondo T, Hatano T, Tachibana M: Followup of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2012, 187: 411–417. 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.026CrossRefPubMed Ohno Y, Nakashima J, Ohori M, Gondo T, Hatano T, Tachibana M: Followup of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2012, 187: 411–417. 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.026CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Dzionek A, Fuchs A, Schmidt P, Cremer S, Zysk M, Miltenyi S, Buck DW, Schmitz J: BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol 2000, 165: 6037–6046. 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6037CrossRefPubMed Dzionek A, Fuchs A, Schmidt P, Cremer S, Zysk M, Miltenyi S, Buck DW, Schmitz J: BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol 2000, 165: 6037–6046. 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6037CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Hase S, Weinitschke K, Fischer K, Fornara P, Hoda R, Unverzagt S, Seliger B, Riemann D: Monitoring peri-operative immune suppression in renal cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2011, 25: 1455–1464.PubMed Hase S, Weinitschke K, Fischer K, Fornara P, Hoda R, Unverzagt S, Seliger B, Riemann D: Monitoring peri-operative immune suppression in renal cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2011, 25: 1455–1464.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Choueiri TK, Garcia JA, Elson P, Khasawneh M, Usman S, Golshayan AR, Baz RC, Wood L, Rini BI, Bukowski RM: Clinical factors associated with outcome in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Cancer 2007, 110: 543–550. 10.1002/cncr.22827CrossRefPubMed Choueiri TK, Garcia JA, Elson P, Khasawneh M, Usman S, Golshayan AR, Baz RC, Wood L, Rini BI, Bukowski RM: Clinical factors associated with outcome in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Cancer 2007, 110: 543–550. 10.1002/cncr.22827CrossRefPubMed
10.
11.
go back to reference Rodriguez PC, Ernstoff MS, Hernandez C, Atkins M, Zabaleta J, Sierra R, Ochoa AC: Arginase I-producing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in renal cell carcinoma are a subpopulation of activated granulocytes. Cancer Res 2009, 69: 1553–1560. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1921PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Rodriguez PC, Ernstoff MS, Hernandez C, Atkins M, Zabaleta J, Sierra R, Ochoa AC: Arginase I-producing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in renal cell carcinoma are a subpopulation of activated granulocytes. Cancer Res 2009, 69: 1553–1560. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1921PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Keizman D, Ish-Shalom M, Huang P, Eisenberger MA, Pili R, Hammers H, Carducci MA: The association of pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with response rate, progression free survival and overall survival of patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012, 48: 202–208. 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.09.001PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Keizman D, Ish-Shalom M, Huang P, Eisenberger MA, Pili R, Hammers H, Carducci MA: The association of pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with response rate, progression free survival and overall survival of patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012, 48: 202–208. 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.09.001PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Kobayashi M, Kubo T, Komatsu K, Fujisaki A, Terauchi F, Natsui S, Nukui A, Kurokawa S, Morita T: Changes in peripheral blood immune cells: their prognostic significance in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with molecular targeted therapy. Med Oncol 2013, 30: 556.CrossRefPubMed Kobayashi M, Kubo T, Komatsu K, Fujisaki A, Terauchi F, Natsui S, Nukui A, Kurokawa S, Morita T: Changes in peripheral blood immune cells: their prognostic significance in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with molecular targeted therapy. Med Oncol 2013, 30: 556.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Kao SCH, Pavlakis N, Harvie R, Vardy JL, Boyer MJ, Van Zandwijk N, Clarke SJ: High blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an indicator of poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma patients undergoing systemic therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16: 5805–5813. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2245CrossRefPubMed Kao SCH, Pavlakis N, Harvie R, Vardy JL, Boyer MJ, Van Zandwijk N, Clarke SJ: High blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an indicator of poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma patients undergoing systemic therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16: 5805–5813. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2245CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Swiecki M, Colonna M: Accumulation of plasmacytoid DC: Roles in disease pathogenesis and targets for immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2010, 40: 2094–2098. 10.1002/eji.201040602PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Swiecki M, Colonna M: Accumulation of plasmacytoid DC: Roles in disease pathogenesis and targets for immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2010, 40: 2094–2098. 10.1002/eji.201040602PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Orsini G, Legitimo A, Failli A, Massei F, Biver P, Consolini R: Enumeration of human peripheral blood dendritic cells throughout the life. Int Immunol 2012, 24: 347–356. 10.1093/intimm/dxs006CrossRefPubMed Orsini G, Legitimo A, Failli A, Massei F, Biver P, Consolini R: Enumeration of human peripheral blood dendritic cells throughout the life. Int Immunol 2012, 24: 347–356. 10.1093/intimm/dxs006CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Porta C, Bonomi L, Lillaz B, Paglino C, Rovati B, Imarisio I, Morbini P, Villa C, Danova M, Mensi M, Rovereto B: Renal cell carcinoma-induced immunosuppression: an immunophenotypic study of lymphocyte subpopulations and circulating dendritic cells. AntiCancer Res 2007, 27: 165–173.PubMed Porta C, Bonomi L, Lillaz B, Paglino C, Rovati B, Imarisio I, Morbini P, Villa C, Danova M, Mensi M, Rovereto B: Renal cell carcinoma-induced immunosuppression: an immunophenotypic study of lymphocyte subpopulations and circulating dendritic cells. AntiCancer Res 2007, 27: 165–173.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Van Cruijsen H, Van der Veldt AAM, Vroling L, Oosterhoff D, Broxterman HJ, Scheper RJ, Giaccone G, Haanen JB AG, Van den Eertwegh AJM, Boven E, Hoekman K, De Gruijl TD: Sunitinib-induced myeloid lineage redistribution in renal cell cancer patients: CD1c + dendritic cell frequency predicts progression-free survival. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14: 5884–5892. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0656CrossRefPubMed Van Cruijsen H, Van der Veldt AAM, Vroling L, Oosterhoff D, Broxterman HJ, Scheper RJ, Giaccone G, Haanen JB AG, Van den Eertwegh AJM, Boven E, Hoekman K, De Gruijl TD: Sunitinib-induced myeloid lineage redistribution in renal cell cancer patients: CD1c + dendritic cell frequency predicts progression-free survival. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14: 5884–5892. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0656CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Granulocyte-to-dendritic cell-ratio as marker for the immune monitoring in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors
Dagmar Riemann
Sabine Hase
Kersten Fischer
Barbara Seliger
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical and Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 2001-1326
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/2001-1326-3-13

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Clinical and Translational Medicine 1/2014 Go to the issue