Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

LIVE: Thursday 2nd May 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

Quality sleep is essential for health. But what happens to our brains when sleep patterns are disturbed? Join our experts to explore the interplay between sleep disruption and neurological diseases, and the questions that you need to be asking your patients to help you prevent the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Matrix metalloproteinase 12 is induced by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and promotes migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Authors: I-Che Chung, Lih-Chyang Chen, An-Ko Chung, Mei Chao, Hsin-Yi Huang, Chuen Hsueh, Ngan-Ming Tsang, Kai-Ping Chang, Ying Liang, Hsin-Pai Li, Yu-Sun Chang

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Overexpression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a DNA/RNA binding protein, is associated with metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanisms underlying hnRNP K-mediated metastasis is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in hnRNP K-mediated metastasis in NPC.

Methods

We studied hnRNP K-regulated MMPs by analyzing the expression profiles of MMP family genes in NPC tissues and hnRNP K-knockdown NPC cells using Affymetrix microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR. The association of hnRNP K and MMP12 expression in 82 clinically proven NPC cases was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The hnRNP K-mediated MMP12 regulation was determined by zymography and Western blot, as well as by promoter, DNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The functional role of MMP12 in cell migration and invasion was demonstrated by MMP12-knockdown and the treatment of MMP12-specific inhibitor, PF-356231.

Results

MMP12 was overexpressed in NPC tissues, and this high level of expression was significantly correlated with high-level expression of hnRNP K (P = 0.026). The levels of mRNA, protein and enzyme activity of MMP12 were reduced in hnRNP K-knockdown NPC cells. HnRNP K interacting with the region spanning −42 to −33 bp of the transcription start site triggered transcriptional activation of the MMP12 promoter. Furthermore, inhibiting MMP12 by MMP12 knockdown and MMP12-specific inhibitor, PF-356231, significantly reduced the migration and invasion of NPC cells.

Conclusions

Overexpression of MMP12 was significantly correlated with hnRNP K in NPC tissues. HnRNP K can induce MMP12 expression and enzyme activity through activating MMP12 promoter, which promotes cell migration and invasion in NPC cells. In vitro experiments suggest that NPC metastasis with high MMP12 expression may be treated with PF-356231. HnRNP K and MMP12 may be potential therapeutic markers for NPC, but additional validation studies are warranted.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Wen F, Shen A, Shanas R, Bhattacharyya A, Lian F, Hostetter G, Shi J: Higher expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010, 17 (10): 2619-2627. 10.1245/s10434-010-1121-1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Zhou R, Shanas R, Nelson MA, Bhattacharyya A, Shi J: Increased expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in pancreatic cancer and its association with the mutant p53. Int J Cancer. 2010, 126 (2): 395-404. 10.1002/ijc.24744.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Barboro P, Repaci E, Rubagotti A, Salvi S, Boccardo S, Spina B, Truini M, Introini C, Puppo P, Ferrari N, Carmignani G, Boccardo F, Balbi C: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K: altered pattern of expression associated with diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009, 100 (10): 1608-1616. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605057.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Matta A, Tripathi SC, DeSouza LV, Grigull J, Kaur J, Chauhan SS, Srivastava A, Thakar A, Shukla NK, Duggal R, DattaGupta S, Ralhan R, MichaelSiu KW: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K is a marker of oral leukoplakia and correlates with poor prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2009, 125 (6): 1398-1406. 10.1002/ijc.24517.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Chen LC, Hsueh C, Tsang NM, Liang Y, Chang KP, Hao SP, Yu JS, Chang YS: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein k and thymidine phosphorylase are independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14 (12): 3807-3813. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0155.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Choi HS, Hwang CK, Song KY, Law PY, Wei LN, Loh HH: Poly(C)-binding proteins as transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009, 380 (3): 431-436. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Chen LC, Chung IC, Hsueh C, Tsang NM, Chi LM, Liang Y, Chen CC, Wang LJ, Chang YS: The antiapoptotic protein, FLIP, is regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and correlates with poor overall survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cell Death Differ. 2010, 17 (9): 1463-1473. 10.1038/cdd.2010.24.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Li H, Liu J: Identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K as a transactivator for human low density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription. J Biol Chem. 2010, 285 (23): 17789-17797. 10.1074/jbc.M109.082057.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Du Q, Melnikova IN, Gardner PD: Differential effects of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K on Sp1- and Sp3-mediated transcriptional activation of a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor promoter. J Biol Chem. 1998, 273 (31): 19877-19883. 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19877.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Denisenko ON, O'Neill B, Ostrowski J, Van Seuningen I, Bomsztyk K: Zik1, a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle K protein. J Biol Chem. 1996, 271 (44): 27701-27706. 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27701.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Chen LC, Liu HP, Li HP, Hsueh C, Yu JS, Liang CL, Chang YS: Thymidine phosphorylase mRNA stability and protein levels are increased through ERK-mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP K in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncogene. 2009, 28 (17): 1904-1915. 10.1038/onc.2009.55.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Notari M, Neviani P, Santhanam R, Blaser BW, Chang JS, Galietta A, Willis AE, Roy DC, Caligiuri MA, Marcucci G, Perrotti D: A MAPK/HNRPK pathway controls BCR/ABL oncogenic potential by regulating MYC mRNA translation. Blood. 2006, 107 (6): 2507-2516. 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3732.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Lynch M, Chen L, Ravitz MJ, Mehtani S, Korenblat K, Pazin MJ, Schmidt EV: hnRNP K binds a core polypyrimidine element in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) promoter, and its regulation of eIF4E contributes to neoplastic transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 2005, 25 (15): 6436-6453. 10.1128/MCB.25.15.6436-6453.2005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Evans JR, Mitchell SA, Spriggs KA, Ostrowski J, Bomsztyk K, Ostarek D, Willis AE: Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene. 2003, 22 (39): 8012-8020. 10.1038/sj.onc.1206645.CrossRefPubMed
15.
16.
Hadler-Olsen E, Winberg JO, Uhlin-Hansen L: Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: their value as diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Tumour Biol. 2013, 34 (4): 2041-2051. 10.1007/s13277-013-0842-8.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Shuman Moss LA, Jensen-Taubman S, Stetler-Stevenson WG: Matrix metalloproteinases: changing roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Am J Pathol. 2012, 181 (6): 1895-1899. 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.044.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Yang R, Xu Y, Li P, Zhang X, Wang J, Gu D, Wang Y: Combined upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and proteinase-activated receptor-1 predicts unfavorable prognosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther. 2013, 6: 1139-1146.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Cui D, Zhang X, Fu Y: Expressions of COX-2 and MMP-2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the their relationship with lymph node metastasis. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008, 22 (15): 692-694.PubMed
20.
Wong TS, Kwong DL, Sham JS, Wei WI, Kwong YL, Yuen AP: Clinicopathologic significance of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9 levels in patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004, 30 (5): 560-564. 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.02.007.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Liu Z, Li L, Yang Z, Luo W, Li X, Yang H, Yao K, Wu B, Fang W: Increased expression of MMP9 is correlated with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC cancer. 2010, 10: 270-10.1186/1471-2407-10-270.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Yoshizaki T, Sato H, Furukawa M, Pagano JS: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 is enhanced by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998, 95 (7): 3621-3626. 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3621.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Lan YY, Hsiao JR, Chang KC, Chang JS, Chen CW, Lai HC, Wu SY, Yeh TH, Chang FH, Lin WH, Su IJ, Chang Y: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A promotes invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through ERK/Fra-1-mediated induction of matrix metalloproteinase 9. J Virol. 2012, 86 (12): 6656-6667. 10.1128/JVI.00174-12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Yoshizaki T, Sato H, Murono S, Pagano JS, Furukawa M: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1999, 17 (5): 431-436. 10.1023/A:1006699003525.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Kim JM, Kim HJ, Koo BS, Rha KS, Yoon YH: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 is correlated with extracapsular spread of tumor from nodes with metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2012, 270 (3): 1137-1142.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Ng KT, Qi X, Kong KL, Cheung BY, Lo CM, Poon RT, Fan ST, Man K: Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2011, 47 (15): 2299-2305. 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.032.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Hofmann HS, Hansen G, Richter G, Taege C, Simm A, Silber RE, Burdach S: Matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression correlates with local recurrence and metastatic disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2005, 11 (3): 1086-1092.PubMed
28.
Ding Y, Shimada Y, Gorrin-Rivas MJ, Itami A, Li Z, Hong T, Maeda M, Komoto I, Kawabe A, Kaganoi J, Imamura M: Clinicopathological significance of human macrophage metalloelastase expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology. 2002, 63 (4): 378-384. 10.1159/000066231.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Yu Y, Chiba Y, Sakai H, Misawa M: Possible involvements of nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-12 in human alveolar epithelial A549 cell line. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010, 112 (1): 83-88. 10.1254/jphs.09268FP.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Wu L, Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Fan J, Sasaguri Y, Watanabe T: Induction of human matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene transcriptional activity by GM-CSF requires the AP-1 binding site in human U937 monocytic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001, 285 (2): 300-307. 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5161.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Nabha SM, dos Santos EB, Yamamoto HA, Belizi A, Dong Z, Meng H, Saliganan A, Sabbota A, Bonfil RD, Cher ML: Bone marrow stromal cells enhance prostate cancer cell invasion through type I collagen in an MMP-12 dependent manner. Int J Cancer. 2008, 122 (11): 2482-2490. 10.1002/ijc.23431.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Sarkar S, Nuttall RK, Liu S, Edwards DR, Yong VW: Tenascin-C stimulates glioma cell invasion through matrix metalloproteinase-12. Cancer Res. 2006, 66 (24): 11771-11780. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0470.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Dwivedi A, Slater SC, George SJ: MMP-9 and −12 cause N-cadherin shedding and thereby beta-catenin signalling and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cardiovasc Res. 2009, 81 (1): 178-186. 10.1093/cvr/cvn278.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Nocito A, Dahm F, Jochum W, Jang JH, Georgiev P, Bader M, Graf R, Clavien PA: Serotonin regulates macrophage-mediated angiogenesis in a mouse model of colon cancer allografts. Cancer Res. 2008, 68 (13): 5152-5158. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0202.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Goldsmith DB, West TM, Morton R: HLA associations with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southern Chinese: a meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2002, 27 (1): 61-67. 10.1046/j.0307-7772.2001.00529.x.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zheng X, Yan L, Nilsson B, Eklund G, Drettner B: Epstein-Barr virus infection, salted fish and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A case–control study in southern China. Acta oncologica. 1994, 33 (8): 867-872. 10.3109/02841869409098448.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Chen LC, Chen CC, Liang Y, Tsang NM, Chang YS, Hsueh C: A novel role for TNFAIP2: its correlation with invasion and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2011, 24 (2): 175-184. 10.1038/modpathol.2010.193.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Lin CT, Wong CI, Chan WY, Tzung KW, Ho JK, Hsu MM, Chuang SM: Establishment and characterization of two nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Lab Invest. 1990, 62 (6): 713-724.PubMed
39.
Huang DP, Ho JH, Poon YF, Chew EC, Saw D, Lui M, Li CL, Mak LS, Lai SH, Lau WH: Establishment of a cell line (NPC/HK1) from a differentiated squamous carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Int J Cancer. 1980, 26 (2): 127-132. 10.1002/ijc.2910260202.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Chen LC, Wang LJ, Tsang NM, Ojcius DM, Chen CC, Ouyang CN, Hsueh C, Liang Y, Chang KP, Chang YS: Tumour inflammasome-derived IL-1beta recruits neutrophils and improves local recurrence-free survival in EBV-induced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EMBO Mol Med. 2012, 4 (12): 1276-1293. 10.1002/emmm.201201569.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Morales R, Perrier S, Florent JM, Beltra J, Dufour S, De Mendez I, Manceau P, Tertre A, Moreau F, Compere D, Dublanchet AC, O'Gara M: Crystal structures of novel non-peptidic, non-zinc chelating inhibitors bound to MMP-12. J Mol Biol. 2004, 341 (4): 1063-1076. 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.039.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Terp GE, Cruciani G, Christensen IT, Jorgensen FS: Structural differences of matrix metalloproteinases with potential implications for inhibitor selectivity examined by the GRID/CPCA approach. J Med Chem. 2002, 45 (13): 2675-2684. 10.1021/jm0109053.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Carpenter B, McKay M, Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Telfer C, Murray GI: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is over expressed, aberrantly localised and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006, 95 (7): 921-927. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603349.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Wu CS, Chang KP, Chen LC, Chen CC, Liang Y, Hseuh C, Chang YS: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K and thymidine phosphorylase are independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral oncology. 2012, 48 (6): 516-522. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.005.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Gao R, Yu Y, Inoue A, Widodo N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) promotes tumor metastasis by induction of genes involved in extracellular matrix, cell movement, and angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2013, 288 (21): 15046-15056. 10.1074/jbc.M113.466136.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Hope NR, Murray GI: The expression profile of RNA-binding proteins in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer: relationship of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins with prognosis. Hum Pathol. 2011, 42 (3): 393-402. 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.08.006.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zhao Y, Jin X, Tian T, Yu DH: Expression of hnRNPK in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with Helicobacter pylori L-form infection. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2011, 33 (10): 759-763.PubMed
48.
Lan YY, Yeh TH, Lin WH, Wu SY, Lai HC, Chang FH, Takada K, Chang Y: Epstein-Barr virus Zta upregulates matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 that synergistically promote cell invasion in vitro. PloS one. 2013, 8 (2): e56121-10.1371/journal.pone.0056121.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Tsai CL, Li HP, Lu YJ, Hsueh C, Liang Y, Chen CL, Tsao SW, Tse KP, Yu JS, Chang YS: Activation of DNA methyltransferase 1 by EBV LMP1 Involves c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase signaling. Cancer Res. 2006, 66 (24): 11668-11676. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2194.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zhang LY, Ho-Fun Lee V, Wong AM, Kwong DL, Zhu YH, Dong SS, Kong KL, Chen J, Tsao SW, Guan XY, Fu L: MicroRNA-144 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through repression of PTEN. Carcinogenesis. 2013, 34 (2): 454-463. 10.1093/carcin/bgs346.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Sato H, Takino T, Miyamori H: Roles of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer Sci. 2005, 96 (4): 212-217. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00039.x.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Huang MY, Chang HJ, Chung FY, Yang MJ, Yang YH, Wang JY, Lin SR: MMP13 is a potential prognostic marker for colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep. 2010, 24 (5): 1241-1247.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Kumamoto K, Fujita K, Kurotani R, Saito M, Unoki M, Hagiwara N, Shiga H, Bowman ED, Yanaihara N, Okamura S, Nagashima M, Miyamoto K, Takenoshita S, Yokota J, Harris CC: ING2 is upregulated in colon cancer and increases invasion by enhanced MMP13 expression. Int J Cancer. 2009, 125 (6): 1306-1315. 10.1002/ijc.24437.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Jian P, Yanfang T, Zhuan Z, Jian W, Xueming Z, Jian N: MMP28 (epilysin) as a novel promoter of invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. BMC cancer. 2011, 11: 200-10.1186/1471-2407-11-200.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Wu HC, Lin YJ, Lee JJ, Liu YJ, Liang ST, Peng Y, Chiu YW, Wu CW, Lin CT: Functional analysis of EBV in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Lab Invest. 2003, 83 (6): 797-812. 10.1097/01.LAB.0000074896.03561.FB.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Lo AK, Lo KW, Tsao SW, Wong HL, Hui JW, To KF, Hayward DS, Chui YL, Lau YL, Takada K, Huang DP: Epstein-Barr virus infection alters cellular signal cascades in human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Neoplasia. 2006, 8 (3): 173-180. 10.1593/neo.05625.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Ostareck-Lederer A, Ostareck DH: Precision mechanics with multifunctional tools: how hnRNP K and hnRNPs E1/E2 contribute to post-transcriptional control of gene expression in hematopoiesis. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2012, 13 (4): 391-400. 10.2174/138920312801619484.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Lyu J, Joo CK: Wnt-7a up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression and promotes cell proliferation in corneal epithelial cells during wound healing. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280 (22): 21653-21660. 10.1074/jbc.M500374200.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Lyu J, Joo CK: Expression of Wnt and MMP in epithelial cells during corneal wound healing. Cornea. 2006, 25 (10 Suppl 1): S24-S28.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Samuel S, Twizere JC, Bernstein LR: YB-1 represses AP1-dependent gene transactivation and interacts with an AP-1 DNA sequence. Biochem J. 2005, 388 (Pt 3): 921-928.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Souissi IJ, Billiet L, Cuaz-Perolin C, Slimane MN, Rouis M: Matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene regulation by a PPAR alpha agonist in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Exp Cell Res. 2008, 314 (18): 3405-3414. 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.09.002.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Moumen A, Masterson P, O'Connor MJ, Jackson SP: hnRNP K: an HDM2 target and transcriptional coactivator of p53 in response to DNA damage. Cell. 2005, 123 (6): 1065-1078. 10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.032.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Matrix metalloproteinase 12 is induced by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and promotes migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors
I-Che Chung
Lih-Chyang Chen
An-Ko Chung
Mei Chao
Hsin-Yi Huang
Chuen Hsueh
Ngan-Ming Tsang
Kai-Ping Chang
Ying Liang
Hsin-Pai Li
Yu-Sun Chang
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-348

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Cancer 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

Biweekly cetuximab in combination with FOLFOX-4 in the first-line treatment of wild-type KRASmetastatic colorectal cancer: final results of a phase II, open-label, clinical trial (OPTIMIX-ACROSS Study)

Research article

Expression of CXCR4 and breast cancer prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research article

High expression of GEM and EDNRA is associated with metastasis and poor outcome in patients with advanced bladder cancer

Research article

Inhibition of autophagy enhances the cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA in breast cancer

Research article

Identification of the collagen type 1 alpha 1 gene (COL1A1) as a candidate survival-related factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Research article

Establishment of a novel clear cell sarcoma cell line (Hewga-CCS), and investigation of the antitumor effects of pazopanib on Hewga-CCS
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits