Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review

Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission II. Considerations regarding clinical development pathway

Authors: Carlos Chaccour, N. Regina Rabinovich

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

The development of ivermectin as a complementary vector control tool will require good quality evidence. This paper reviews the different eco-epidemiological contexts in which mass drug administration with ivermectin could be useful. Potential scenarios and pharmacological strategies are compared in order to help guide trial design. The rationale for a particular timing of an ivermectin-based tool and some potentially useful outcome measures are suggested.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, et al. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207–11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference The_malERA_Consultative_Group_on_Vector_Control. A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1000401.CrossRefPubMedCentral The_malERA_Consultative_Group_on_Vector_Control. A research agenda for malaria eradication: vector control. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1000401.CrossRefPubMedCentral
3.
go back to reference Ranson H, Lissenden N. Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: a worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control. Trends Parasitol. 2016;32:187–96.CrossRefPubMed Ranson H, Lissenden N. Insecticide resistance in African Anopheles mosquitoes: a worsening situation that needs urgent action to maintain malaria control. Trends Parasitol. 2016;32:187–96.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Omura S, Crump A. Ivermectin: panacea for resource-poor communities? Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:445–55.CrossRefPubMed Omura S, Crump A. Ivermectin: panacea for resource-poor communities? Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:445–55.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Vontas J, Moore S, Kleinschmidt I, Ranson H, Lindsay S, Lengeler C, et al. Framework for rapid assessment and adoption of new vector control tools. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:191–204.CrossRefPubMed Vontas J, Moore S, Kleinschmidt I, Ranson H, Lindsay S, Lengeler C, et al. Framework for rapid assessment and adoption of new vector control tools. Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:191–204.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference WHO. Single dose Primaquine as a gametocytocide in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. WHO. Single dose Primaquine as a gametocytocide in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
9.
go back to reference Burrows JN, Duparc S, Gutteridge WE, van Huijsduijnen RH, Kaszubska W, Macintyre F, et al. New developments in anti-malarial target candidate and product profiles. Malar J. 2017;16:26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Burrows JN, Duparc S, Gutteridge WE, van Huijsduijnen RH, Kaszubska W, Macintyre F, et al. New developments in anti-malarial target candidate and product profiles. Malar J. 2017;16:26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Chaccour CJ, Kobylinski KC, Bassat Q, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Alonso P, et al. Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission: a research agenda for a promising new tool for elimination. Malar J. 2013;12:153.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chaccour CJ, Kobylinski KC, Bassat Q, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Alonso P, et al. Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission: a research agenda for a promising new tool for elimination. Malar J. 2013;12:153.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, Butters MP, Hongyu T, Gray M, da Silva IM, et al. The effect of oral anthelmintics on the survivorship and re-feeding frequency of anthropophilic mosquito disease vectors. Acta Trop. 2010;116:119–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, Butters MP, Hongyu T, Gray M, da Silva IM, et al. The effect of oral anthelmintics on the survivorship and re-feeding frequency of anthropophilic mosquito disease vectors. Acta Trop. 2010;116:119–26.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Fritz ML, Siegert PY, Walker ED, Bayoh MN, Vulule JR, Miller JR. Toxicity of bloodmeals from ivermectin-treated cattle to Anopheles gambiae s.l. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009;103:539–47.CrossRefPubMed Fritz ML, Siegert PY, Walker ED, Bayoh MN, Vulule JR, Miller JR. Toxicity of bloodmeals from ivermectin-treated cattle to Anopheles gambiae s.l. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009;103:539–47.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Gardner K, Meisch MV, Meek CL, Biven WS. Effects of ivermectin in canine blood on Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes albopictus and Culex salinarius. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1993;9:400–2.PubMed Gardner K, Meisch MV, Meek CL, Biven WS. Effects of ivermectin in canine blood on Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes albopictus and Culex salinarius. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1993;9:400–2.PubMed
15.
16.
go back to reference Kobylinski K, Ubalee R, Ponlawat A, McCardle W, Foy B, Szumlas D et al. Ivermectin inhibits the development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles dirus. In: 64th Annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2015 Oct 25–29; Philadelphia, USA. Kobylinski K, Ubalee R, Ponlawat A, McCardle W, Foy B, Szumlas D et al. Ivermectin inhibits the development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles dirus. In: 64th Annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2015 Oct 25–29; Philadelphia, USA.
17.
go back to reference da Cruz FP, Martin C, Buchholz K, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Rodrigues T, Sonnichsen B, et al. Drug screen targeted at Plasmodium liver stages identifies a potent multistage antimalarial drug. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:1278–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral da Cruz FP, Martin C, Buchholz K, Lafuente-Monasterio MJ, Rodrigues T, Sonnichsen B, et al. Drug screen targeted at Plasmodium liver stages identifies a potent multistage antimalarial drug. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:1278–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Macdonald G. The analysis of equilibrium in malaria. Trop Dis Bull. 1952;49:813–29.PubMed Macdonald G. The analysis of equilibrium in malaria. Trop Dis Bull. 1952;49:813–29.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Durnez LC, Coosemans M. Residual transmission of malaria: an old issue for new approaches. In: Manguin S, editor. Anopheles mosquitoes—new insights into malaria vectors. InTech; 2014. Durnez LC, Coosemans M. Residual transmission of malaria: an old issue for new approaches. In: Manguin S, editor. Anopheles mosquitoes—new insights into malaria vectors. InTech; 2014.
21.
go back to reference WHO. Technical Note: control of residual malaria parasite transmission. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. WHO. Technical Note: control of residual malaria parasite transmission. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
23.
go back to reference Njoroge MM, Tirados I, Lindsay SW, Vale GA, Torr SJ, Fillinger U. Exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control: a pilot study in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Njoroge MM, Tirados I, Lindsay SW, Vale GA, Torr SJ, Fillinger U. Exploring the potential of using cattle for malaria vector surveillance and control: a pilot study in western Kenya. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Waite JL, Swain S, Lynch PA, Sharma SK, Haque MA, Montgomery J, et al. Increasing the potential for malaria elimination by targeting zoophilic vectors. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40551.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Waite JL, Swain S, Lynch PA, Sharma SK, Haque MA, Montgomery J, et al. Increasing the potential for malaria elimination by targeting zoophilic vectors. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40551.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Kiware SS, Chitnis N, Devine GJ, Moore SJ, Majambere S, Killeen GF. Biologically meaningful coverage indicators for eliminating malaria transmission. Biol Lett. 2012;8:874–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kiware SS, Chitnis N, Devine GJ, Moore SJ, Majambere S, Killeen GF. Biologically meaningful coverage indicators for eliminating malaria transmission. Biol Lett. 2012;8:874–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Knox TB, Juma EO, Ochomo EO, Jamet HP, Ndungo L, Chege P, et al. An online tool for mapping insecticide resistance in major Anopheles vectors of human malaria parasites and review of resistance status for the Afrotropical region. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Knox TB, Juma EO, Ochomo EO, Jamet HP, Ndungo L, Chege P, et al. An online tool for mapping insecticide resistance in major Anopheles vectors of human malaria parasites and review of resistance status for the Afrotropical region. Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference WHO. Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors (GPIRM). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. WHO. Global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors (GPIRM). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
28.
go back to reference Mnzava AP, Knox TB, Temu EA, Trett A, Fornadel C, Hemingway J, et al. Implementation of the global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors: progress, challenges and the way forward. Malar J. 2015;14:173.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mnzava AP, Knox TB, Temu EA, Trett A, Fornadel C, Hemingway J, et al. Implementation of the global plan for insecticide resistance management in malaria vectors: progress, challenges and the way forward. Malar J. 2015;14:173.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Kleinschmidt I. Implications of insecticide resistance: key evaluation findings and implications for malaria vector control. In: Oral presentation during the 65th Annual Meeting of the ASTMH Atlanta; 2016. Kleinschmidt I. Implications of insecticide resistance: key evaluation findings and implications for malaria vector control. In: Oral presentation during the 65th Annual Meeting of the ASTMH Atlanta; 2016.
30.
go back to reference Pooda HS, Rayaisse JB, Hien DF, Lefevre T, Yerbanga SR, Bengaly Z, et al. Administration of ivermectin to peridomestic cattle: a promising approach to target the residual transmission of human malaria. Malar J. 2015;13(Suppl 1):496.CrossRefPubMed Pooda HS, Rayaisse JB, Hien DF, Lefevre T, Yerbanga SR, Bengaly Z, et al. Administration of ivermectin to peridomestic cattle: a promising approach to target the residual transmission of human malaria. Malar J. 2015;13(Suppl 1):496.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Meyers JI, Gray M, Kuklinski W, Johnson LB, Snow CD, Black WCt, et al. Characterization of the target of ivermectin, the glutamate-gated chloride channel, from Anopheles gambiae. J Exp Biol. 2015;218:1478–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Meyers JI, Gray M, Kuklinski W, Johnson LB, Snow CD, Black WCt, et al. Characterization of the target of ivermectin, the glutamate-gated chloride channel, from Anopheles gambiae. J Exp Biol. 2015;218:1478–86.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, et al. SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:D237–43.CrossRefPubMed Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, et al. SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:D237–43.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Schinkel AH, Wagenaar E, van Deemter L, Mol CA, Borst P. Absence of the mdr1a P-Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:1698–705.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schinkel AH, Wagenaar E, van Deemter L, Mol CA, Borst P. Absence of the mdr1a P-Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:1698–705.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Butters MP, Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, da Silva IM, Gray M, Sylla M, et al. Comparative evaluation of systemic drugs for their effects against Anopheles gambiae. Acta Trop. 2012;121:34–43.CrossRefPubMed Butters MP, Kobylinski KC, Deus KM, da Silva IM, Gray M, Sylla M, et al. Comparative evaluation of systemic drugs for their effects against Anopheles gambiae. Acta Trop. 2012;121:34–43.CrossRefPubMed
35.
36.
go back to reference WHO. From malaria control to malaria elimination: a manual for elimination scenario planning. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. WHO. From malaria control to malaria elimination: a manual for elimination scenario planning. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
37.
go back to reference Kobylinski K, Ponlawat A, Ubalee R, Schuster A, McCardle W, Foy B et al. Assessing ivermectin susceptibility of Greater Mekong Subregion malaria vectors. In: Poster session presented at: annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2014 Nov 2–6; New Orleans, USA. Kobylinski K, Ponlawat A, Ubalee R, Schuster A, McCardle W, Foy B et al. Assessing ivermectin susceptibility of Greater Mekong Subregion malaria vectors. In: Poster session presented at: annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2014 Nov 2–6; New Orleans, USA.
38.
go back to reference Griffin JT. The interaction between seasonality and pulsed interventions against malaria in their effects on the reproduction number. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015;11:e1004057.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Griffin JT. The interaction between seasonality and pulsed interventions against malaria in their effects on the reproduction number. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015;11:e1004057.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
go back to reference Moonasar D, Maharaj R, Kunene S, Candrinho B, Saute F, Ntshalintshali N, et al. Towards malaria elimination in the MOSASWA (Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland) region. Malar J. 2016;15:419.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moonasar D, Maharaj R, Kunene S, Candrinho B, Saute F, Ntshalintshali N, et al. Towards malaria elimination in the MOSASWA (Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland) region. Malar J. 2016;15:419.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Maude RJ, Pontavornpinyo W, Saralamba S, Aguas R, Yeung S, Dondorp AM, et al. The last man standing is the most resistant: eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in Cambodia. Malar J. 2009;8:31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Maude RJ, Pontavornpinyo W, Saralamba S, Aguas R, Yeung S, Dondorp AM, et al. The last man standing is the most resistant: eliminating artemisinin-resistant malaria in Cambodia. Malar J. 2009;8:31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Chaccour C, Hammann F, Rabinovich NR. Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic considerations regarding efficacy and safety. Malar J. 2017. doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1801-4. Chaccour C, Hammann F, Rabinovich NR. Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission I. Pharmacokinetic considerations regarding efficacy and safety. Malar J. 2017. doi:10.​1186/​s12936-017-1801-4.
44.
go back to reference Slater HC, Walker PG, Bousema T, Okell LC, Ghani AC. The potential impact of adding ivermectin to a mass treatment intervention to reduce malaria transmission: a modelling study. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1972–80.CrossRefPubMed Slater HC, Walker PG, Bousema T, Okell LC, Ghani AC. The potential impact of adding ivermectin to a mass treatment intervention to reduce malaria transmission: a modelling study. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1972–80.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Ouedraogo AL, Bastiaens GJ, Tiono AB, Guelbeogo WM, Kobylinski KC, Ouedraogo A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:357–65.CrossRefPubMed Ouedraogo AL, Bastiaens GJ, Tiono AB, Guelbeogo WM, Kobylinski KC, Ouedraogo A, et al. Efficacy and safety of the mosquitocidal drug ivermectin to prevent malaria transmission after treatment: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:357–65.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Escobedo-Vargas KS, López-Sifuentes VM, Durand S, Baldeviano GC, Gerbasi RV, Vásquez GM, et al. The effect of ivermectin on the Amazonian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi: LC50 determination. In: Poster session presented at the 65th annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2016 Nov 11–16; Atlanta, USA. 2016. Escobedo-Vargas KS, López-Sifuentes VM, Durand S, Baldeviano GC, Gerbasi RV, Vásquez GM, et al. The effect of ivermectin on the Amazonian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi: LC50 determination. In: Poster session presented at the 65th annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2016 Nov 11–16; Atlanta, USA. 2016.
47.
go back to reference Sampaio VS, Beltran TP, Kobylinski KC, Melo GC, Lima JB, Silva SG, et al. Filling gaps on ivermectin knowledge: effects on the survival and reproduction of Anopheles aquasalis, a Latin American malaria vector. Malar J. 2016;15:491.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sampaio VS, Beltran TP, Kobylinski KC, Melo GC, Lima JB, Silva SG, et al. Filling gaps on ivermectin knowledge: effects on the survival and reproduction of Anopheles aquasalis, a Latin American malaria vector. Malar J. 2016;15:491.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
go back to reference Chaccour C, Killeen GF. Mind the gap: residual malaria transmission, veterinary endectocides and livestock as targets for malaria vector control. Malar J. 2016;15:24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chaccour C, Killeen GF. Mind the gap: residual malaria transmission, veterinary endectocides and livestock as targets for malaria vector control. Malar J. 2016;15:24.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
49.
go back to reference Alout H, Krajacich BJ, Meyers JI, Grubaugh ND, Brackney DE, Kobylinski KC, et al. Evaluation of ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria transmission control across different West African environments. Malar J. 2014;13:417.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Alout H, Krajacich BJ, Meyers JI, Grubaugh ND, Brackney DE, Kobylinski KC, et al. Evaluation of ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria transmission control across different West African environments. Malar J. 2014;13:417.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
50.
go back to reference Sylla M, Kobylinski KC, Gray M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Rasgon JL, et al. Mass drug administration of ivermectin in south-eastern Senegal reduces the survivorship of wild-caught, blood fed malaria vectors. Malar J. 2010;9:365.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sylla M, Kobylinski KC, Gray M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Rasgon JL, et al. Mass drug administration of ivermectin in south-eastern Senegal reduces the survivorship of wild-caught, blood fed malaria vectors. Malar J. 2010;9:365.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
go back to reference Kobylinski KC, Sylla M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Foy BD. Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans disrupts malaria parasite transmission in Senegalese villages. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:3–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kobylinski KC, Sylla M, Chapman PL, Sarr MD, Foy BD. Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans disrupts malaria parasite transmission in Senegalese villages. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:3–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
go back to reference Foy BD. Results from RIMDAMAL, a pilot randomized cluster-design trial in Burkina Faso, designed to assess the safety and efficacy of repeat ivermectin mass drug administrations to control malaria and NTDs. In: Oral presentation during the 65th annual meeting of the ASTMH Atlanta; 2016. Foy BD. Results from RIMDAMAL, a pilot randomized cluster-design trial in Burkina Faso, designed to assess the safety and efficacy of repeat ivermectin mass drug administrations to control malaria and NTDs. In: Oral presentation during the 65th annual meeting of the ASTMH Atlanta; 2016.
55.
go back to reference Chaccour C, Barrio A, Royo AGG, Urbistondo DM, Slater H, Hammann F, et al. Screening for an ivermectin slow-release formulation suitable for malaria vector control. Malar J. 2015;14:102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chaccour C, Barrio A, Royo AGG, Urbistondo DM, Slater H, Hammann F, et al. Screening for an ivermectin slow-release formulation suitable for malaria vector control. Malar J. 2015;14:102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
go back to reference Bellinger AM, Jafari M, Grant TM, Zhang S, Slater HC, Wenger EA, et al. Oral, ultra-long-lasting drug delivery: application toward malaria elimination goals. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:365ra157.CrossRefPubMed Bellinger AM, Jafari M, Grant TM, Zhang S, Slater HC, Wenger EA, et al. Oral, ultra-long-lasting drug delivery: application toward malaria elimination goals. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:365ra157.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Chaccour C, Abizanda G, Irigoyen A, Del Pozo JL. Slow release ivermectin formulation for malaria control: a pilot study in 80-kg Pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61:pii-e02104-16.CrossRef Chaccour C, Abizanda G, Irigoyen A, Del Pozo JL. Slow release ivermectin formulation for malaria control: a pilot study in 80-kg Pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61:pii-e02104-16.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Killeen GF, Seyoum A, Gimnig JE, Stevenson JC, Drakeley CJ, Chitnis N. Made-to-measure malaria vector control strategies: rational design based on insecticide properties and coverage of blood resources for mosquitoes. Malar J. 2014;13:146.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Killeen GF, Seyoum A, Gimnig JE, Stevenson JC, Drakeley CJ, Chitnis N. Made-to-measure malaria vector control strategies: rational design based on insecticide properties and coverage of blood resources for mosquitoes. Malar J. 2014;13:146.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
go back to reference Chaccour CJ, Rabinovich NR. Oral, slow-release ivermectin: biting back at malaria vectors. Trends Parasitol. 2017;33:156–8.CrossRefPubMed Chaccour CJ, Rabinovich NR. Oral, slow-release ivermectin: biting back at malaria vectors. Trends Parasitol. 2017;33:156–8.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Moonen B, Cohen JM, Snow RW, Slutsker L, Drakeley C, Smith DL, et al. Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Lancet. 2010;376:1592–603.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Moonen B, Cohen JM, Snow RW, Slutsker L, Drakeley C, Smith DL, et al. Operational strategies to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Lancet. 2010;376:1592–603.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
61.
62.
go back to reference Molineaux L, Gramiccia G. The Garki project. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1980. Molineaux L, Gramiccia G. The Garki project. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1980.
63.
go back to reference Tusting LS, Bousema T, Smith DL, Drakeley C. Measuring changes in Plasmodium falciparum transmission: precision, accuracy and costs of metrics. Adv Parasitol. 2014;84:151–208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tusting LS, Bousema T, Smith DL, Drakeley C. Measuring changes in Plasmodium falciparum transmission: precision, accuracy and costs of metrics. Adv Parasitol. 2014;84:151–208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
go back to reference Pinder M, Moorthy VS, Mendis K, Brown GV, on behalf of the WHO MALVAC committee. MALVAC 2010: measures of efficacy of anti-malarial interventions against malaria transmission. Geneva: WHO; 2010. Pinder M, Moorthy VS, Mendis K, Brown GV, on behalf of the WHO MALVAC committee. MALVAC 2010: measures of efficacy of anti-malarial interventions against malaria transmission. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
65.
go back to reference WHO. Preferred product characteristics (PPC) for malaria vaccines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. WHO. Preferred product characteristics (PPC) for malaria vaccines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
66.
go back to reference Shaukat AM, Breman JG, McKenzie FE. Using the entomological inoculation rate to assess the impact of vector control on malaria parasite transmission and elimination. Malar J. 2010;9:122.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shaukat AM, Breman JG, McKenzie FE. Using the entomological inoculation rate to assess the impact of vector control on malaria parasite transmission and elimination. Malar J. 2010;9:122.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
go back to reference Stuckey EM, Miller JM, Littrell M, Chitnis N, Steketee R. Operational strategies of anti-malarial drug campaigns for malaria elimination in Zambia’s southern province: a simulation study. Malar J. 2016;15:148.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stuckey EM, Miller JM, Littrell M, Chitnis N, Steketee R. Operational strategies of anti-malarial drug campaigns for malaria elimination in Zambia’s southern province: a simulation study. Malar J. 2016;15:148.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
go back to reference Delrieu I, Leboulleux D, Ivinson K, Gessner BD. Malaria Transmission Blocking Vaccine Technical Consultation G. Design of a Phase III cluster randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine. Vaccine. 2015;33:1518–26.CrossRefPubMed Delrieu I, Leboulleux D, Ivinson K, Gessner BD. Malaria Transmission Blocking Vaccine Technical Consultation G. Design of a Phase III cluster randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine. Vaccine. 2015;33:1518–26.CrossRefPubMed
69.
go back to reference Wilson AL, Boelaert M, Kleinschmidt I, Pinder M, Scott TW, Tusting LS, et al. Evidence-based vector control? Improving the quality of vector control trials. Trends Parasitol. 2015;31:380–90.CrossRefPubMed Wilson AL, Boelaert M, Kleinschmidt I, Pinder M, Scott TW, Tusting LS, et al. Evidence-based vector control? Improving the quality of vector control trials. Trends Parasitol. 2015;31:380–90.CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Nunes JK, Woods C, Carter T, Raphael T, Morin MJ, Diallo D, et al. Development of a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine: progress, challenges, and the path forward. Vaccine. 2014;32:5531–9.CrossRefPubMed Nunes JK, Woods C, Carter T, Raphael T, Morin MJ, Diallo D, et al. Development of a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine: progress, challenges, and the path forward. Vaccine. 2014;32:5531–9.CrossRefPubMed
71.
72.
go back to reference Stone WJ, Eldering M, van Gemert GJ, Lanke KH, Grignard L, van de Vegte-Bolmer MG, et al. The relevance and applicability of oocyst prevalence as a read-out for mosquito feeding assays. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3418.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stone WJ, Eldering M, van Gemert GJ, Lanke KH, Grignard L, van de Vegte-Bolmer MG, et al. The relevance and applicability of oocyst prevalence as a read-out for mosquito feeding assays. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3418.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
go back to reference Blagborough AM, Churcher TS, Upton LM, Ghani AC, Gething PW, Sinden RE. Transmission-blocking interventions eliminate malaria from laboratory populations. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1812.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Blagborough AM, Churcher TS, Upton LM, Ghani AC, Gething PW, Sinden RE. Transmission-blocking interventions eliminate malaria from laboratory populations. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1812.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
go back to reference Schneider P, Wolters L, Schoone G, Schallig H, Sillekens P, Hermsen R, et al. Real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification is more convenient than real-time PCR for quantification of Plasmodium falciparum. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:402–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schneider P, Wolters L, Schoone G, Schallig H, Sillekens P, Hermsen R, et al. Real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification is more convenient than real-time PCR for quantification of Plasmodium falciparum. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:402–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
go back to reference Cook J, Aydin-Schmidt B, Gonzalez IJ, Bell D, Edlund E, Nassor MH, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for point-of-care detection of asymptomatic low-density malaria parasite carriers in Zanzibar. Malar J. 2015;14:43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cook J, Aydin-Schmidt B, Gonzalez IJ, Bell D, Edlund E, Nassor MH, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for point-of-care detection of asymptomatic low-density malaria parasite carriers in Zanzibar. Malar J. 2015;14:43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
go back to reference Drakeley CJ, Corran PH, Coleman PG, Tongren JE, McDonald SL, Carneiro I, et al. Estimating medium- and long-term trends in malaria transmission by using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:5108–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Drakeley CJ, Corran PH, Coleman PG, Tongren JE, McDonald SL, Carneiro I, et al. Estimating medium- and long-term trends in malaria transmission by using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:5108–13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
go back to reference Mueller I, Schoepflin S, Smith TA, Benton KL, Bretscher MT, Lin E, et al. Force of infection is key to understanding the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinean children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:10030–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mueller I, Schoepflin S, Smith TA, Benton KL, Bretscher MT, Lin E, et al. Force of infection is key to understanding the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinean children. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:10030–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Ivermectin to reduce malaria transmission II. Considerations regarding clinical development pathway
Authors
Carlos Chaccour
N. Regina Rabinovich
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1802-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Malaria Journal 1/2017 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Highlights from the ACC 2024 Congress

Year in Review: Pediatric cardiology

Watch Dr. Anne Marie Valente present the last year's highlights in pediatric and congenital heart disease in the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Pulmonary vascular disease

The last year's highlights in pulmonary vascular disease are presented by Dr. Jane Leopold in this official video from ACC.24.

Year in Review: Valvular heart disease

Watch Prof. William Zoghbi present the last year's highlights in valvular heart disease from the official ACC.24 Year in Review session.

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Watch this official video from ACC.24. Dr. Biykem Bozkurt discusses last year's major advances in heart failure and cardiomyopathies.