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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Urinary Tract Infection | Research

Characterization of Transferrable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance (TMQR) among Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing Urinary Tract Infection in Nepalese Children

Authors: Raj Kumar Shrestha, Ashmita Thapa, Dhruba Shrestha, Sabi Pokhrel, Anubhav Aryal, Rupika Adhikari, Nipun Shrestha, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Christopher M Parry

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

Transferrable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) can lead to fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility in addition to chromosomal mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing among the pediatric population. We sought to determine the occurrence of TMQR genes among quinolone-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing urinary tract infections among Nepalese outpatient children (< 18 years) and identify molecular characteristics of TMQR-harboring isolates.

Methods

We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and modified carbapenem inactivation method tests, and investigated the presence of six TMQR genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, oqxAB, qepA), three ESBL genes (bla_CTX−M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV), and five carbapenemase genes (bla_NDM, bla_OXA−48, bla_KPC, bla_IMP, bla_VIM). The quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC were sequenced for 35 TMQR-positive isolates.

Results

A total of 74/147 (50.3%) isolates were TMQR positive by multiplex PCR [aac(6’)-Ib-cr in 48 (32.7%), qnrB in 23 (15.7%), qnrS in 18 (12.3%), qnrA in 1 (0.7%), and oqxAB in 1 (0.7%) isolate]. The median ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration of TMQR-positive isolates (64 µg/mL) was two-fold higher than those without TMQR (32 µg/mL) (p = 0.004). Ser-83→Leu and Asp-87→Asn in GyrA and Ser-80→Ile in ParC were the most common QRDR mutations (23 of 35). In addition, there was a statistically significant association between TMQR and two β-lactamase genes; bla_CTX−M (p = 0.037) and bla_TEM (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

This study suggests a high prevalence of TMQR among the quinolone-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing urinary tract infection in children in this area of Nepal and an association with the carriage of ESBL gene. This is a challenge for the management of urinary infections in children. Comprehensive prospective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in these common pathogens will be necessary to devise strategies to mitigate the emergence of further resistance.

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Title: Characterization of Transferrable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance (TMQR) among Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing Urinary Tract Infection in Nepalese Children
Authors: Raj Kumar Shrestha
Ashmita Thapa
Dhruba Shrestha
Sabi Pokhrel
Anubhav Aryal
Rupika Adhikari
Nipun Shrestha
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Christopher M Parry
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection
Ciprofloxacin
Escherichia Coli
Published in: BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04279-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

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Characterization of Transferrable Mechanisms of Quinolone Resistance (TMQR) among Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing Urinary Tract Infection in Nepalese Children

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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