Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Diabetes | Research

Factors affecting the support for physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a national survey of health care professionals’ perceptions

Authors: Emma J. Cockcroft, Eva L. Wooding, Parth Narendran, Renuka P. Dias, Alan R. Barker, Christopher Moudiotis, Ross Clarke, Robert C. Andrews

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Many children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) don’t meet the recommended levels of physical activity. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a key role in supporting and encouraging children and adolescents with T1DM to be physically active. This study aims to understand the perspectives of HCPs in relation to supporting physical activity and implementing guidelines relating to physical activity.

Methods

An online mixed methods survey was circulated to HCPs in pediatric diabetes units in England and Wales. Participants were asked about how they support physical activity in their clinic and their perceptions of barriers/enablers of providing physical activity support to children and adolescents with T1DM. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. An deductive thematic approach was applied to the free text responses using the Capability Opportunity Motivation model of Behaviour (COM-B) as a framework.

Results

Responses were received from 114 individuals at 77 different pediatric diabetes units (45% of pediatric diabetes units in England and Wales). HCPs surveyed felt that the promotion of physical activity is important (90%) and advised patients to increase levels of physical activity (88%). 19% of the respondents felt they did not have sufficient knowledge to provide support. HCPs reported limited knowledge and confidence, time and resources as barriers to providing support. They also felt the current guidance was too complicated with few practical solutions.

Conclusion

Pediatric HCPs need training and support to be able to encourage and support children and adolescents with T1D to be a physical activity. In addition, resources that provide simple and practical advice to manage glucose around exercise are needed.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
2.
go back to reference DiMeglio LA, Acerini CL, Codner E, Craig ME, Hofer SE, Pillay K, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Glycemic control targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:105–14.CrossRefPubMed DiMeglio LA, Acerini CL, Codner E, Craig ME, Hofer SE, Pillay K, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Glycemic control targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19:105–14.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Reddigan JI, Riddell MC, Kuk JL. The joint association of physical activity and glycaemic control in predicting cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in the US population. Diabetologia. 2012;55(3):632–5.CrossRefPubMed Reddigan JI, Riddell MC, Kuk JL. The joint association of physical activity and glycaemic control in predicting cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in the US population. Diabetologia. 2012;55(3):632–5.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Aljawarneh YMPMCBRN, Wardell DWPRNW-BC, Wood GLPRNF, Rozmus CLPRN. A systematic review of physical activity and exercise on physiological and biochemical outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Nurs Sch. 2019;51(3):337–45.CrossRef Aljawarneh YMPMCBRN, Wardell DWPRNW-BC, Wood GLPRNF, Rozmus CLPRN. A systematic review of physical activity and exercise on physiological and biochemical outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Nurs Sch. 2019;51(3):337–45.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Janssen I, LeBlanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7(1):40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Janssen I, LeBlanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010;7(1):40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
go back to reference Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Leszczak J, Baran J, Weres A, Wyszyńska J, Lewandowski B, et al. Levels of physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in relation to the healthy comparators and to the method of insulin therapy used. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(18):3498.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Czenczek-Lewandowska E, Leszczak J, Baran J, Weres A, Wyszyńska J, Lewandowski B, et al. Levels of physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in relation to the healthy comparators and to the method of insulin therapy used. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(18):3498.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Valerio G, Spagnuolo MI, Lombardi F, Spadaro R, Siano M, Franzese A. Physical activity and sports participation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17(5):376–82.CrossRefPubMed Valerio G, Spagnuolo MI, Lombardi F, Spadaro R, Siano M, Franzese A. Physical activity and sports participation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17(5):376–82.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Dash K, Goyder EC, Quirk H. A qualitative synthesis of the perceived factors that affect participation in physical activity among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37(6):934–44.CrossRefPubMed Dash K, Goyder EC, Quirk H. A qualitative synthesis of the perceived factors that affect participation in physical activity among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37(6):934–44.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Adolfsson P, Riddell MC, Taplin CE, Davis EA, Fournier PA, Annan F, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2018: exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(Suppl 27):205–26.CrossRefPubMed Adolfsson P, Riddell MC, Taplin CE, Davis EA, Fournier PA, Annan F, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2018: exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(Suppl 27):205–26.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6(1):42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R. The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci. 2011;6(1):42.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.CrossRef Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference MacMillan F, Kirk A, Mutrie N, Moola F, Robertson K. Building physical activity and sedentary behavior support into care for youth with type 1 diabetes: patient, parent and diabetes professional perceptions. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016;17(2):140–52.CrossRefPubMed MacMillan F, Kirk A, Mutrie N, Moola F, Robertson K. Building physical activity and sedentary behavior support into care for youth with type 1 diabetes: patient, parent and diabetes professional perceptions. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016;17(2):140–52.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference MacMillan F, Kirk A, Mutrie N, Moola F, Robertson K. Supporting participation in physical education at school in youth with type 1 diabetes: Perceptions of teachers, youth with type 1 diabetes, parents and diabetes professionals. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2015;21(1):3–30.CrossRef MacMillan F, Kirk A, Mutrie N, Moola F, Robertson K. Supporting participation in physical education at school in youth with type 1 diabetes: Perceptions of teachers, youth with type 1 diabetes, parents and diabetes professionals. Eur Phys Educ Rev. 2015;21(1):3–30.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Ryninks K, Sutton E, Thomas E, Jago R, Shield JPH, Burren CP. Attitudes to exercise and diabetes in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis. Plos One. 2015;10(10):e0137562.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ryninks K, Sutton E, Thomas E, Jago R, Shield JPH, Burren CP. Attitudes to exercise and diabetes in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis. Plos One. 2015;10(10):e0137562.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Sparapani VdC, Jacob E, Nascimento LC. What is it like to be a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Pediatr Nurs. 2015;41(1):17–22.PubMed Sparapani VdC, Jacob E, Nascimento LC. What is it like to be a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Pediatr Nurs. 2015;41(1):17–22.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Blake H, da Silva L, Glazebrook C. " They don't see it as priority if the kid's not sporty": parents' perceptions of clinic communication around physical activity to children with type 1 diabetes and their families. Adv Pediatr Res. 2018;5(22)1–14. Blake H, da Silva L, Glazebrook C. " They don't see it as priority if the kid's not sporty": parents' perceptions of clinic communication around physical activity to children with type 1 diabetes and their families. Adv Pediatr Res. 2018;5(22)1–14.
17.
go back to reference Quirk H, Blake H, Dee B, Glazebrook C. “You can’t just jump on a bike and go”: a qualitative study exploring parents’ perceptions of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:313.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Quirk H, Blake H, Dee B, Glazebrook C. “You can’t just jump on a bike and go”: a qualitative study exploring parents’ perceptions of physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:313.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Wennick A, Lundqvist A, Hallstrom I. Everyday experience of families three years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: a research paper. J Pediatr Nurs. 2009;24(3):222–30.CrossRefPubMed Wennick A, Lundqvist A, Hallstrom I. Everyday experience of families three years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: a research paper. J Pediatr Nurs. 2009;24(3):222–30.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Quirk H, Blake H, Dee B, Glazebrook C. “Having diabetes shouldn’t stop them”: healthcare professionals’ perceptions of physical activity in children with Type 1 diabetes. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:68.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Quirk H, Blake H, Dee B, Glazebrook C. “Having diabetes shouldn’t stop them”: healthcare professionals’ perceptions of physical activity in children with Type 1 diabetes. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:68.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Tully C, Aronow L, Mackey E, Streisand R. Physical activity in youth with type 1 diabetes: a review. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(9):85.CrossRefPubMed Tully C, Aronow L, Mackey E, Streisand R. Physical activity in youth with type 1 diabetes: a review. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(9):85.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Ilkowitz JR, Wu F, Chen Y, Gallagher MP. Perspectives on the role of exercise in the treatment of pediatric type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(3):466–72.CrossRefPubMed Ilkowitz JR, Wu F, Chen Y, Gallagher MP. Perspectives on the role of exercise in the treatment of pediatric type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(3):466–72.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Wilkie L, Mitchell F, Robertson K, Kirk A. Motivations for physical activity in youth with type 1 diabetes participating in the ActivPals project: a qualitative study. Pract Diabetes. 2017;34(5):151–5.CrossRef Wilkie L, Mitchell F, Robertson K, Kirk A. Motivations for physical activity in youth with type 1 diabetes participating in the ActivPals project: a qualitative study. Pract Diabetes. 2017;34(5):151–5.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Riddell MC, Gallen IW, Smart CE, Taplin CE, Adolfsson P, Lumb AN, et al. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):377–90.CrossRefPubMed Riddell MC, Gallen IW, Smart CE, Taplin CE, Adolfsson P, Lumb AN, et al. Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: a consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(5):377–90.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Factors affecting the support for physical activity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a national survey of health care professionals’ perceptions
Authors
Emma J. Cockcroft
Eva L. Wooding
Parth Narendran
Renuka P. Dias
Alan R. Barker
Christopher Moudiotis
Ross Clarke
Robert C. Andrews
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03940-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Pediatrics 1/2023 Go to the issue