Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious diseases in hospitals and communities. They are associated with high morbidity, mortality, and economic costs in terms of treatment and health care [ 1 ].

Antenatal hydronephrosis is a common abnormality that can be detected on prenatal ultrasound (US), with an incidence of approximately 1–5% of all pregnancies [ 1 ]. Because it comprises a wide spectrum of conditions, from transient hydronephrosis …

An estimated 400,000 to 500,000 health care-associated (HCA) urinary tract infections (UTIs), representing approximately 13% of all nosocomial infections, occur annually in the USA, at an approximate cost of over US $500 million [ 1 , 2 ].

More than one billion people worldwide are obese. Obesity leads to multiple complications and results in over 2.8 million deaths yearly [ 1 , 2 ].

Better biomarkers are needed to diagnose UTI, which is one of the most prevalent childhood bacterial infections. Blood procalcitonin and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin look promising.

Drug-resistant pathogens lead to over 1.25 million deaths globally each year, a number that is projected to increase to over 10 million annually by 2050 if action is not taken to address growing resistance rates [ 1 , 2 ]. Antibiotic resistance is …

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most commonly diagnosed bacterial infections in the outpatient setting involving an infection in any part of the urinary system, such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, and kidneys [ 1 ].

Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect between 3% to 7.5% of the febrile pediatric population each year, being one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatrics. Nevertheless, there is no consensus in the medical literature regarding the …

The problem of bacterial contamination of urine samples during collection makes it necessary in research settings to undertake quantitative culture on at least two serial urine specimens to produce a close approximation to a ‘gold-standard’ to …

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent bacterial infections experienced by children. By the age of 16, over 11% of girls and 3% of boys will have experienced a UTI [ 1 ]. Over 2% of these presentations occur in the first 2 …

Prevalence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide, flexible ureterorenoscopy (f-URS) is the most common surgical treatment. Postoperative urinary tract infection (PUTI) is the primary complication. Some risk factors are classically associated …

One of the major focuses in the modern era of surgery is to optimize the management of perioperative infectious risks and complications [ 1 , 2 ]. The likelihood of postoperative infection is influenced by several factors, including intrinsic …

Urinary incontinence is a common pelvic floor disorder effecting approximately 15.7% of women [ 1 ]. A significant portion of incontinence consists of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with a prevalence of approximately 49.8% [ 2 ]. The rate of …