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Sports Medicine
Published in: Sports Medicine 11/2017

01-11-2017 | Systematic Review

The Impact of Resistance Training on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review

Authors: Emmet Crowley, Andrew J. Harrison, Mark Lyons

Published in: Sports Medicine | Issue 11/2017

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Abstract

Background

The majority of propulsive forces in swimming are produced from the upper body, with strong correlations between upper body strength and sprint performance. There are significant gaps in the literature relating to the impact of resistance training on swimming performance, specifically the transfer to swimming performance.

Objective

The aims of this systematic literature review are to (1) explore the transfer of resistance-training modalities to swimming performance, and (2) examine the effects of resistance training on technical aspects of swimming.

Methods

Four online databases were searched with the following inclusion criteria: (1) journal articles with outcome measures related to swimming performance, and (2) competitive swimmers participating in a structured resistance-training programme. Exclusion criteria were (1) participants with a mean age <16 years; (2) untrained, novice, masters and paraplegic swimmers; (3) triathletes and waterpolo players; (4) swimmers with injuries or illness; and (5) studies of starts and turns specifically. Data were extracted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was applied.

Results

For optimal transfer, specific, low-volume, high-velocity/force resistance-training programmes are optimal. Stroke length is best achieved through resistance training with low repetitions at a high velocity/force. Resisted swims are the most appropriate training modality for improving stroke rate.

Conclusion

Future research is needed with respect to the effects of long-term resistance-training interventions on both technical parameters of swimming and overall swimming performance. The results of such work will be highly informative for the scientific community, coaches and athletes.
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Metadata
Title
The Impact of Resistance Training on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors
Emmet Crowley
Andrew J. Harrison
Mark Lyons
Publication date
01-11-2017
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Sports Medicine / Issue 11/2017
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0730-2

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