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Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders

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01-12-2020 | Sleep Apnea | Research article

Risk factors, incidence, and prevalence of diabetes among rural farm and non-farm residents of Saskatchewan, Canada; a population-based longitudinal cohort study

Authors: Md Saiful Alam, Roland Dyck, Bonnie Janzen, Chandima Karunanayake, James Dosman, Punam Pahwa

Published in: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders | Issue 2/2020

Abstract

Purpose

Saskatchewan has a high prevalence of diabetes. It is the largest, rurally populated, predominantly agricultural province in Canada. This research aims to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence and longitudinal changes in the prevalence of diabetes among Saskatchewan’s adult rural farm and non-farm residents.

Methods

The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study (SRHS) is a prospective cohort study conducted in two phases: a baseline survey (2010, 8261 participants) and a follow-up survey (2014, 4867 participants). Generalized estimation equations and survival analysis techniques were used to determine diabetes prevalence and incidence risk factors, respectively.

Results

Incidence of diabetes among rural residents was 2.75%. Positive family history, high BMI, sleep apnea and an abnormal Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) were significant predictors for diabetes incidence. A substantial increase (1.98%) of diabetes prevalence was observed after four years of follow-up. Risk factors of diabetes prevalence were increasing age, male, low income, positive family history, high BMI, hypertension and heart attack.

Conclusion

A mix of individual and contextual factors interacting in complex pathways were responsible for the high incidence and prevalence of diabetes among rural residents. The most original finding of that study was a positive association of sleep apnea, and ESS with incident diabetes warrants further research to identify a causal linkage. Increased diabetes risk among rural male insecticide users indicates an adverse consequence of unprotected chemical exposures in the agricultural field. Urgent population-based preventive measures should initiate to slow the increasing trend of diabetes prevalence among rural residents.

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Title: Risk factors, incidence, and prevalence of diabetes among rural farm and non-farm residents of Saskatchewan, Canada; a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Md Saiful Alam
Roland Dyck
Bonnie Janzen
Chandima Karunanayake
James Dosman
Punam Pahwa
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Sleep Apnea
Published in: Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders / Issue 2/2020
Electronic ISSN: 2251-6581
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00693-z

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Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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