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Infection
Published in: Infection 6/2022

Open Access 11-04-2022 | Vaccination | Original Paper

Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects

Authors: Vivian Glück, Leonid Tydykov, Anna-Lena Mader, Anne-Sophie Warda, Manuela Bertok, Tanja Weidlich, Christine Gottwald, Josef Köstler, Bernd Salzberger, Ralf Wagner, Michael Koller, André Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Thomas Glück, David Peterhoff

Published in: Infection | Issue 6/2022

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Abstract

Background

The immune response to COVID-19-vaccination differs between naïve vaccinees and those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Longitudinal quantitative and qualitative serological differences in these two distinct immunological subgroups in response to vaccination are currently not well studied.

Methods

We investigate a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals immediately after vaccination and 6 months later. We use different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) variants and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) to measure IgG serum titers, IgA serum reactivity, IgG serum avidity and neutralization capacity by ACE2 receptor competition.

Results

Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decline over time in dually vaccinated COVID-19 naïves whereas titers in single dose vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents are higher and more durable. Similarly, antibody avidity is considerably higher among boosted COVID-19 convalescent subjects as compared to dually vaccinated COVID-19-naïve subjects. Furthermore, sera from boosted convalescents inhibited the binding of spike-protein to ACE2 more efficiently than sera from dually vaccinated COVID-19-naïve subjects.

Conclusions

Long-term humoral immunity differs substantially between dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals. Booster vaccination after COVID-19 induces a more durable humoral immune response in terms of magnitude and quality as compared to two-dose vaccination in a SARS-CoV-2-naïve background.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects
Authors
Vivian Glück
Leonid Tydykov
Anna-Lena Mader
Anne-Sophie Warda
Manuela Bertok
Tanja Weidlich
Christine Gottwald
Josef Köstler
Bernd Salzberger
Ralf Wagner
Michael Koller
André Gessner
Barbara Schmidt
Thomas Glück
David Peterhoff
Publication date
11-04-2022
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Infection / Issue 6/2022
Print ISSN: 0300-8126
Electronic ISSN: 1439-0973
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-022-01817-8

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