Top

Published in:

01-04-2019

Childhood trauma interacts with ApoE to influence neurocognitive function in women living with HIV

Authors: Jacqueline S. Womersley, Georgina Spies, Soraya Seedat, Sian M. J. Hemmings

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 2/2019

Abstract

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) describes a spectrum of behavioural, motor and cognitive disturbances that can occur secondary to HIV infection. Less severe forms of the disorder persist despite advances in antiretroviral medication efficacy and availability. Childhood trauma (CT) may predispose individuals to developing HAND. As genetic variation in human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been implicated in cognitive decline and may mediate the development of long-term health outcomes following CT, we investigated the influence of ApoE and CT on cognitive function in the context of HIV. One hundred twenty-eight HIV-positive Xhosa women completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) as well as the HIV Neurobehavioural Research Center neurocognitive test battery. rs7412 and rs429358 were genotyped using KASP assays, and this data was used to determine the ApoE isoform. Baseline differences in demographic and clinical variables according to CT exposure were calculated. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the contributions of CT and ApoE variants, as well as their interaction, to cognitive function. Eighty-eight participants reported experiencing CT. The rs7412 C allele protected against the harmful effect of CT on motor scores using an additive model. The interaction of ApoE ε4 and CT was associated with worse attention/working memory scores. ApoE ε4, alone and in combination with CT, is associated with poorer cognitive function. Further research into this gene-environment interaction may assist in identifying at-risk individuals for targeted interventions.

Altmann A, Tian L, Henderson VW, Greicius MD, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Investigators (2014) Sex modifies the APOE-related risk of developing Alzheimer disease: sex and APOE-related AD risk. Ann Neurol 75:563–573. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24135 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Andres MA, Feger U, Nath A, Munsaka S, Jiang CS, Chang L (2011) APOE ε4 allele and CSF APOE on cognition in HIV-infected subjects. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 6:389–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-010-9254-3 CrossRefPubMed

Asensi V (2015) Can antiretroviral therapy be tailored to each human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual? Role of pharmacogenomics. World J Virol 4:169–177. https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.169 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Barnes LL, Arvanitakis Z, Yu L, Kelly J, de Jager PL, Bennett DA (2013) Apolipoprotein E and change in episodic memory in blacks and whites. Neuroepidemiology 40:211–219. https://doi.org/10.1159/000342778 CrossRefPubMed

Becker JT, Martinson JJ, Penugonda S, Kingsley L, Molsberry S, Reynolds S, Aronow A, Goodkin K, Levine A, Martin E, Miller EN, Munro CA, Ragin A, Sacktor N (2015) No association between Apoε4 alleles, HIV infection, age, neuropsychological outcome, or death. J Neuro-Oncol 21:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-014-0290-2 CrossRef

Bellosta S, Nathan BP, Orth M, Dong LM, Mahley RW, Pitas RE (1995) Stable expression and secretion of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 in mouse neuroblastoma cells produces differential effects on neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 270:27063–27071CrossRefPubMed

Bennet AM, Reynolds CA, Gatz M, Blennow K, Pedersen NL, Prince JA (2010) Pleiotropy in the presence of allelic heterogeneity: alternative genetic models for the influence of APOE on serum LDL, CSF amyloid-β42, and dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 22:129–134. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100864 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bernstein, DP, Fink, L (1998) Manual for the childhood trauma questionnaire: a retrospective self-report. The psychological corporation. Harcourt Brace, New York

Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD, Walker E, Pogge D, Ahluvalia T, Stokes J, Handelsman L, Medrano M, Desmond D, Zule W (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 27:169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0 CrossRefPubMed

Bick J, Nelson CA (2016) Early adverse experiences and the developing brain. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 41:177–196. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.252 CrossRef

Burt TD, Agan BK, Marconi VC, He W, Kulkarni H, Mold JE, Cavrois M, Huang Y, Mahley RW, Dolan MJ, McCune JM, Ahuja SK (2008) Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances HIV-1 cell entry in vitro, and the APOE 4/ 4 genotype accelerates HIV disease progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:8718–8723. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803526105 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cardin AD, Bowlin TL, Krstenansky JL (1988) Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by synthetic peptides homologous to human plasma apolipoproteins B and E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 154:741–745CrossRefPubMed

Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR, Ross NS, Khoury L, Anderson GM, Price LH (2009) Effect of childhood emotional abuse and age on cortisol responsivity in adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 66:69–75CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chang L, Andres M, Sadino J, Jiang CS, Nakama H, Miller E, Ernst T (2011) Impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 and HIV on cognition and brain atrophy: antagonistic pleiotropy and premature brain aging. NeuroImage 58:1017–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.010 CrossRefPubMed

Chang L, Jiang C, Cunningham E, Buchthal S, Douet V, Andres M, Ernst T (2014) Effects of APOE ε4, age, and HIV on glial metabolites and cognitive deficits. Neurology 82:2213–2222. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000526 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Clark US, Arce Rentería M, Hegde RR, Morgello S (2018) Early life stress-related elevations in reaction time variability are associated with brain volume reductions in HIV+ adults. Front Behav Neurosci 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00006

Clifford DB, Ances BM (2013) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Lancet Infect Dis 13:976–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70269-X CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cooley SA, Fennema-Notestine C, Morgan EE et al (2016) Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype status is not associated with neuroimaging outcomes in a large cohort of HIV+ individuals. J Neuro-Oncol 22:607–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0434-7 CrossRef

Corder EH, Robertson K, Lannfelt L, Bogdanovic N, Eggertsen G, Wilkins J, Hall C (1998) HIV-infected subjects with the E4 allele for APOE have excess dementia and peripheral neuropathy. Nat Med 4:1182–1184. https://doi.org/10.1038/2677 CrossRefPubMed

Dafnis I, Tzinia AK, Tsilibary EC, et al (2012) An apolipoprotein E4 fragment affects matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and cytokine levels in brain cell lines. Neuroscience 210:21–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.013

Dobson CB, Sales SD, Hoggard P, Wozniak MA, Crutcher KA (2006) The receptor-binding region of human apolipoprotein E has direct anti-infective activity. J Infect Dis 193:442–450. https://doi.org/10.1086/499280 CrossRefPubMed

Dunlop O, Goplen AK, Liestøl K et al (1997) HIV dementia and apolipoprotein E. Acta Neurol Scand 95:315–318CrossRefPubMed

Elshourbagy NA, Liao WS, Mahley RW, Taylor JM (1985) Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:203–207CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ene L (2018) Human immunodeficiency virus in the brain—culprit or facilitator? Infect Dis Res Treat 11:117863371775268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178633717752687 CrossRef

Evans D (2013) Ten years on ART—where to now? S Afr Med J 103:229–231. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.6835 CrossRefPubMed

Fagan AM, Bu G, Sun Y, Daugherty A, Holtzman DM (1996) Apolipoprotein E-containing high density lipoprotein promotes neurite outgrowth and is a ligand for the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J Biol Chem 271:30121–30125CrossRefPubMed

Geffin R, Martinez R, de las Pozas A, Issac B, McCarthy M (2017) Apolipoprotein E4 suppresses neuronal-specific gene expression in maturing neuronal progenitor cells exposed to HIV. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 12:462–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-017-9734-9 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Geffin R, Martinez R, Perez R, Issac B, McCarthy M (2013) Apolipoprotein E-dependent differences in innate immune responses of maturing human neuroepithelial progenitor cells exposed to HIV-1. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 8:1010–1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-013-9478-0 CrossRefPubMed

Geffin R, McCarthy M (2018) Aging and apolipoprotein E in HIV infection. J Neuro-Oncol 24:529–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-018-0660-2 CrossRef

Gibbs A, Dunkle K, Washington L, Willan S, Shai N, Jewkes R (2018) Childhood traumas as a risk factor for HIV-risk behaviours amongst young women and men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 13:e0195369. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195369 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Glaser D (2002) Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework. Child Abuse Negl 26:697–714CrossRefPubMed

González JR, Armengol L, Guinó E, et al (2014) SNPassoc

Graffelman J, Chang C, Puig X, Wigginton J (2018) HardyWeinberg

Heaton RK, Cysique LA, Jin H, Shi C, Yu X, Letendre S, Franklin DR Jr, Ake C, Vigil O, Atkinson JH, Marcotte TD, Grant I, Wu Z, The San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral R (2008) Neurobehavioral effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection among former plasma donors in rural China. J Neuro-Oncol 14:536–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280802378880

Heaton RK, Franklin DR, Ellis RJ, McCutchan J, Letendre SL, Leblanc S, Corkran SH, Duarte NA, Clifford DB, Woods SP, Collier AC, Marra CM, Morgello S, Mindt MR, Taylor MJ, Marcotte TD, Atkinson JH, Wolfson T, Gelman BB, McArthur J, Simpson DM, Abramson I, Gamst A, Fennema-Notestine C, Jernigan TL, Wong J, Grant I, CHARTER Group, HNRC Group (2011) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors. J Neuro-Oncol 17:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-010-0006-1 CrossRef

Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Mindt MR et al (2004) The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704102130

Hoare J, Westgarth-Taylor J, Fouche J-P, Combrinck M, Spottiswoode B, Stein DJ, Joska JA (2013) Relationship between apolipoprotein E4 genotype and white matter integrity in HIV-positive young adults in South Africa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 263:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-012-0341-8 CrossRefPubMed

Hong S, Banks WA (2015) Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications. Brain Behav Immun 45:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.008 CrossRefPubMed

Hunt X, Tomlinson M (2018) Child developmental trajectories in adversity. In: Understanding uniqueness and diversity in child and adolescent mental health. Elsevier, pp 137–166

Jacobs S, Moxley K, Womersley JS, Spies G, Hemmings S, Seedat S (2018) HPA-axis genes as potential risk variants for neurocognitive decline in trauma-exposed, HIV-positive females. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat Volume 14:2497–2504. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S166992 CrossRef

Janssen MAM, Meulenbroek O, Steens SCA, Góraj B, Bosch M, Koopmans PP, Kessels RPC (2015) Cognitive functioning, wellbeing and brain correlates in HIV-1 infected patients on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Lond Engl 29:2139–2148. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000824 CrossRef

Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Jama PN, Puren A (2010) Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural south African youth. Child Abuse Negl 34:833–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.05.002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ji Y, Gong Y, Gan W, Beach T, Holtzman DM, Wisniewski T (2003) Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific regulation of dendritic spine morphology in apolipoprotein E transgenic mice and Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neuroscience 122:305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.007 CrossRefPubMed

Joska JA, Combrinck M, Valcour VG, Hoare J, Leisegang F, Mahne AC, Myer L, Stein DJ (2010) Association between apolipoprotein E4 genotype and human immunodeficiency virus–associated dementia in younger adults starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. J Neuro-Oncol 16:377–383. https://doi.org/10.3109/13550284.2010.513365 CrossRef

Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM (2009) The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 63:287–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.026 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Levine AJ, Soontornniyomkij V, Achim CL, Masliah E, Gelman BB, Sinsheimer JS, Singer EJ, Moore DJ (2016) Multilevel analysis of neuropathogenesis of neurocognitive impairment in HIV. J Neuro-Oncol 22:431–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-015-0410-7 CrossRef

LGC (2013) KASP genotyping chemistry: User guide and manual

Li R-L, Sun J, Tang Z-C, Zhang JJ, Li HJ (2018) Axonal chronic injury in treatment-naïve HIV+ adults with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment and its relationship with clinical variables and cognitive status. BMC Neurol 18:66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-018-1069-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Liu X, Yue C, Xu Z, Shu H, Pu M, Yu H, Shi Y, Zhuang L, Xu X, Zhang Z (2012) Association study of candidate gene polymorphisms with amnestic mild cognitive impairment in a Chinese population. PLoS One 7:e41198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041198 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Liu Y, Jones M, Hingtgen CM, Bu G, Laribee N, Tanzi RE, Moir RD, Nath A, He JJ (2000) Uptake of HIV-1 tat protein mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein disrupts the neuronal metabolic balance of the receptor ligands. Nat Med 6:1380–1387. https://doi.org/10.1038/82199 CrossRefPubMed

López ME, Turrero A, Delgado ML et al (2017, 2018) APOE ε4 genotype and cognitive reserve effects on the cognitive functioning of healthy elders. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 44:328–342. https://doi.org/10.1159/000481852

Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y (2009) Apolipoprotein E: structure determines function, from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease to AIDS. J Lipid Res 50:S183–S188. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800069-JLR200 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mannila MN, Mahdessian H, Franco-Cereceda A, Eggertsen G, de Faire U, Syvänen AC, Eriksson P, Hamsten A, van ’t Hooft FM (2013) Identification of a functional apolipoprotein E promoter polymorphism regulating plasma apolipoprotein E concentration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33:1063–1069. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300353 CrossRefPubMed

Meinck F, Cluver LD, Boyes ME, Loening-Voysey H (2016) Physical, emotional and sexual adolescent abuse victimisation in South Africa: prevalence, incidence, perpetrators and locations. J Epidemiol Community Health 70:910–916. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205860 CrossRefPubMed

Meintjes G, Moorhouse MA, Carmona S, Davies N, Dlamini S, van Vuuren C, Manzini T, Mathe M, Moosa Y, Nash J, Nel J, Pakade Y, Woods J, van Zyl G, Conradie F, Venter F (2017) Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2017. South Afr J HIV Med 18. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.776

Miyata M, Smith JD (1996) Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and beta-amyloid peptides. Nat Genet 14:55–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0996-55 CrossRefPubMed

Morgan EE, Woods SP, Letendre SL et al (2013) Apolipoprotein E4 genotype does not increase risk of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neuro-Oncol 19:150–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-013-0152-3 CrossRef

Mukerji SS, Locascio JJ, Misra V, Lorenz DR, Holman A, Dutta A, Penugonda S, Wolinsky SM, Gabuzda D (2016) Lipid profiles and APOE4 allele impact midlife cognitive decline in HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 63:1130–1139. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw495 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nathan BP, Jiang Y, Wong GK, Shen F, Brewer GJ, Struble RG (2002) Apolipoprotein E4 inhibits, and apolipoprotein E3 promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured adult mouse cortical neurons through the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Brain Res 928:96–105CrossRefPubMed

Navalta CP, Polcari A, Webster DM, Boghossian A, Teicher MH (2006) Effects of childhood sexual abuse on neuropsychological and cognitive function in college women. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.18.1.45 CrossRefPubMed

O’Connor EE, Zeffiro TA, Zeffiro TA (2018) Brain structural changes following HIV infection: meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39:54–62. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5432 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Oh SW, Shin N-Y, Choi JY, Lee SK, Bang MR (2018) Altered white matter integrity in human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder: a tract-based spatial statistics study. Korean J Radiol 19:431–442. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.19.3.431 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Panos S, Hinkin SE et al (2013) Apolipoprotein-E genotype and human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder: the modulating effects of older age and disease severity. Neurobehav HIV Med:11. https://doi.org/10.2147/NBHIV.S39573

Park S, Nam Y-Y, Sim Y, Hong JP (2015) Interactions between the apolipoprotein E ɛ 4 allele status and adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms in older adults. Eur J Psychotraumatol 6:25178. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.25178 CrossRefPubMed

Pemberton L, Stone E, Price P, van Bockxmeer F, Brew BJ (2008) The relationship between ApoE, TNFA, IL1a, IL1b and IL12b genes and HIV-1-associated dementia. HIV Med 9:677–680. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00614.x CrossRefPubMed

Perez CM, Widom CS (1994) Childhood victimization and long-term intellectual and academic outcomes. Child Abuse Negl 18:617–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(94)90012-4 CrossRefPubMed

Pocernich CB, Sultana R, Hone E, Turchan J, Martins RN, Calabrese V, Nath A, Butterfield DA (2004) Effects of apolipoprotein E on the human immunodeficiency virus protein tat in neuronal cultures and synaptosomes. J Neurosci Res 77:532–539. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20182 CrossRefPubMed

Pomara N, Belzer K, Sidtis JJ (2008) Deleterious CNS effects of the APOE 4 allele in individuals with HIV-1 infection may be age-dependent. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:E65–E65, E65; author reply E68. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806356105

R Development Core Team (2018) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

Radloff (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef

Saloner R, Cysique LA (2017) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a global perspective. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 23:860–869. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717001102 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel D, St. George-Hyslop PH, Pericak-Vance MA, Joo SH, Rosi BL, Gusella JF, Crapper-MacLachlan DR, Alberts MJ, Hulette C, Crain B, Goldgaber D, Roses AD (1993) Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 43:1467–1472CrossRefPubMed

Savitz J, van der Merwe L, Stein DJ, Solms M, Ramesar R (2007) Genotype and childhood sexual trauma moderate neurocognitive performance: a possible role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and apolipoprotein E variants. Biol Psychiatry 62:391–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.017 CrossRefPubMed

Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al (1998) The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 59 Suppl 20:22–33;quiz 34–57

Spector SA, Singh KK, Gupta S, Cystique LA, Jin H, Letendre S, Schrier R, Wu Z, Hong KX, Yu X, Shi C, Heaton RK, HNRC Group (2010) APOE ϵ4 and MBL-2 O/O genotypes are associated with neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected plasma donors. AIDS 24:1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328339e25c CrossRefPubMed

Spies G, Ahmed-Leitao F, Fennema-Notestine C, Cherner M, Seedat S (2016) Effects of HIV and childhood trauma on brain morphometry and neurocognitive function. J Neuro-Oncol 22:149–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-015-0379-2 CrossRef

Spies G, Fennema-Notestine C, Archibald SL, Cherner M, Seedat S (2012) Neurocognitive deficits in HIV-infected women and victims of childhood trauma. AIDS Care 24:1126–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.687813 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Spies G, Fennema-Notestine C, Cherner M, Seedat S (2017) Changes in cognitive function in women with HIV infection and early life stress. AIDS Care 29:14–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1204417 CrossRefPubMed

Spies G, Konkiewitz EC, Seedat S (2018) Incidence and persistence of depression among women living with and without HIV in South Africa: a longitudinal study. AIDS Behav 22:3155–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2072-y CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Spies G, Seedat S (2014) Depression and resilience in women with HIV and early life stress: does trauma play a mediating role? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 4:e004200. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004200 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, Pericak-Vance M, Enghild J, Salvesen GS, Roses AD (1993) Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:1977–1981CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sun B, Abadjian L, Rempel H, Calosing C, Rothlind J, Pulliam L (2010) Peripheral biomarkers do not correlate with cognitive impairment in highly active antiretroviral therapy–treated subjects with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Neuro-Oncol 16:115–124. https://doi.org/10.3109/13550280903559789 CrossRef

Tierney SM, Sheppard DP, Kordovski VM, Faytell MP, Avci G, Woods SP (2017) A comparison of the sensitivity, stability, and reliability of three diagnostic schemes for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neuro-Oncol 23:404–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0510-z CrossRef

Uher R, Zwicker A (2017) Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly-gene-environmental causation of mental illness. World Psychiatry Off J World Psychiatr Assoc WPA 16:121–129. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20436 CrossRef

UNAIDS (2017) UNAIDS DATA 2017

Urfer-Buchwalder A, Urfer R (2017) Identification of a nuclear respiratory factor 1 recognition motif in the apolipoprotein E variant APOE4 linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 7:40668. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40668 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Valcour V, Shikuma C, Shiramizu B, Watters M, Poff P, Selnes OA, Grove J, Liu Y, Abdul-Majid KB, Gartner S, Sacktor N (2004) Age, apolipoprotein E4, and the risk of HIV dementia: the Hawaii aging with HIV cohort. J Neuroimmunol 157:197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.08.029 CrossRefPubMed

van Zoest RA, Underwood J, De Francesco D et al (2017) Structural brain abnormalities in successfully treated HIV infection: associations with disease and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. J Infect Dis 217:69–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix553 CrossRefPubMed

Weisgraber KH, Rall SC, Mahley RW (1981) Human E apoprotein heterogeneity. Cysteine-arginine interchanges in the amino acid sequence of the apo-E isoforms. J Biol Chem 256:9077–9083PubMed

Wendelken LA, Jahanshad N, Rosen HJ, Busovaca E, Allen I, Coppola G, Adams C, Rankin KP, Milanini B, Clifford K, Wojta K, Nir TM, Gutman BA, Thompson PM, Valcour V (2016) ApoE ε4 is associated with cognition, brain integrity, and atrophy in HIV over age 60: JAIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 73:426–432. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001091 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wolf AB, Valla J, Bu G, Kim J, LaDu M, Reiman EM, Caselli RJ (2013) Apolipoprotein E as a β-amyloid-independent factor in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 5:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/alzrt204 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Womersley JS, Martin LI, van der Merwe L, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ (2018) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis variants and childhood trauma influence anxiety sensitivity in south African adolescents. Metab Brain Dis 33:601–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0138-6 CrossRefPubMed

Womersley JS, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ (2017) Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism? Metab Brain Dis 32:1717–1733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0062-9 CrossRefPubMed

Woods SP, Moore DJ, Weber E, Grant I (2009) Cognitive neuropsychology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 19:152–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-009-9102-5 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Woods SP, Weber E, Weisz BM, Twamley EW, Grant I, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Programs Group (2011) Prospective memory deficits are associated with unemployment in persons living with HIV infection. Rehabil Psychol 56:77–84. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022753 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhao N, Liu C-C, Qiao W, Bu G (2018) Apolipoprotein E, receptors, and modulation of Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 83:347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.003 CrossRefPubMed

Zhen J, Huang X, Van Halm-Lutterodt N et al (2017) ApoE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphism and gender differences of serum lipid profile and cognition in aging Chinese population. Front Aging Neurosci 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00248

Title: Childhood trauma interacts with ApoE to influence neurocognitive function in women living with HIV
Authors: Jacqueline S. Womersley
Georgina Spies
Soraya Seedat
Sian M. J. Hemmings
Publication date: 01-04-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 2/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-018-0700-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Childhood trauma interacts with ApoE to influence neurocognitive function in women living with HIV

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 2/2019

Morphine counteracts the antiviral effect of antiretroviral drugs and causes upregulation of p62/SQSTM1 and histone-modifying enzymes in HIV-infected astrocytes

Neuroinvasion of influenza A/H3N2: a fatal case in an immunocompetent adult

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid Galectin-9 is associated with central nervous system immune activation and poor cognitive performance in older HIV-infected individuals

Molecular detection of viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers in rodents in the south-west of Korea

Headache prevalence and its functional impact among HIV-infected adults in rural Rakai District, Uganda

The role of HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections in the development of fibromyalgia