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Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease 5/2017

01-10-2017 | Original Article

Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism?

Authors: Jacqueline S. Womersley, Soraya Seedat, Sian M. J. Hemmings

Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease | Issue 5/2017

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Abstract

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are increasingly prevalent despite the use of antiretroviral therapies. Previous research suggests that individual host factors play an important role in determining susceptibility to HAND. In this review, we propose that childhood trauma (CT) and HAND share several common aetiological mechanisms, namely hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. These convergent and consequent mechanisms may translate into an increased risk of developing HAND in individuals who have experienced early life stress. We provide an overview of basic and clinical research relating to these pathophysiological mechanisms and suggest that further research examine brain-derived neurotrophic factor and telomere length as common mediating factors and potential therapeutic targets for HAND and CT.
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Metadata
Title
Childhood maltreatment and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders share similar pathophysiology: a potential sensitisation mechanism?
Authors
Jacqueline S. Womersley
Soraya Seedat
Sian M. J. Hemmings
Publication date
01-10-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metabolic Brain Disease / Issue 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0885-7490
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7365
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0062-9

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