Top

Endocrine

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Obesity | Original Article

Postprandial leptin and adiponectin in response to sugar and fat in obese and normal weight individuals

Authors: M. A. Larsen, V. T. Isaksen, E. J. Paulssen, R. Goll, J. R. Florholmen

Published in: Endocrine | Issue 3/2019

Abstract

Purpose

Adipokines produced by white adipose tissue are central in the development of lifestyle diseases. Individuals in industrialized countries spend a substantial part of life in the non-fasting, postprandial state, which is associated with increased oxidation and inflammation. The aim was to study postprandial adiponectin and leptin levels after an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in obese (OB) and healthy, normal weight individuals (NW).

Methods

Fifty adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and 17 healthy, NW were included. Postprandial triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, and leptin levels were measured every second hour during an 8 h OFTT, and every half hour during a 2 h OGTT.

Results

Compared with the basal level, postprandial levels of adiponectin following OFTT showed a slight initial peak, followed by a significant decrease at 8 h, in the NW. In the OB these changes were abolished. Postprandial levels of leptin decreased significantly from basal levels in the OFTT, in the NW, whereas in the OB, leptin was unchanged except for a slight increase from 2 to 8 h. During the OGTT both adiponectin and leptin levels remained unchanged in the NW, but decreased significantly in the OB. In addition, the OB had delayed TG clearance at 6 h.

Conclusions

A fatty meal gives postprandial changes in the secretion of adiponectin and leptin in NW, but not in OB. Our observations indicate that a potential postprandial regulatory role of adiponectin and leptin is impaired in OB, and of importance in a more comprehensive understanding of the delayed postprandial TG clearance in obese individuals.

Available only for authorised users

H.B. Hubert, M. Feinleib, P.M. McNamara, W.P. Castelli, Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham heart study. Circulation 67(5), 968–977 (1983)CrossRef

S. Abu-Abid, A. Szold, J. Klausner, Obesity and cancer. J. Med. 33(1–4), 73–86 (2002)PubMed

R.S. Ahima, Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Obes. (Silver Spring) 14(Suppl 5), 242S–249S (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2006.317 CrossRef

S. Lehr, S. Hartwig, H. Sell, Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders. Proteom. Clin. Appl. 6(1–2), 91–101 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.201100052 CrossRef

J. Beltowski, Leptin and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 189(1), 47–60 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.003 CrossRefPubMed

T. Kadowaki, T. Yamauchi, N. Kubota, K. Hara, K. Ueki, K. Tobe, Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 116(7), 1784–1792 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI29126 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

A.T. Turer, P.E. Scherer, Adiponectin: mechanistic insights and clinical implications. Diabetologia 55(9), 2319–2326 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2598-x CrossRefPubMed

W.L. Holland, A.C. Adams, J.T. Brozinick, H.H. Bui, Y. Miyauchi, C.M. Kusminski, S.M. Bauer, M. Wade, E. Singhal, C.C. Cheng, K. Volk, M.S. Kuo, R. Gordillo, A. Kharitonenkov, P.E. Scherer, An FGF21-adiponectin-ceramide axis controls energy expenditure and insulin action in mice. Cell Metab. 17(5), 790–797 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.019 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

C. Menzaghi, V. Trischitta, The adiponectin paradox for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Diabetes 67(1), 12–22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2337/dbi17-0016 CrossRefPubMed

10.

S.H. Choi, E.J. Ku, E.S. Hong, S. Lim, K.W. Kim, J.H. Moon, K.M. Kim, Y.J. Park, K.S. Park, H.C. Jang, High serum adiponectin concentration and low body mass index are significantly associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in an elderly cohort, “adiponectin paradox”: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging (KLoSHA). Int. J. Cardiol. 183, 91–97 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.057 CrossRefPubMed

11.

J.R. Kizer, Adiponectin, cardiovascular disease, and mortality: parsing the dual prognostic implications of a complex adipokine. Metab.: Clin. Exp. 63(9), 1079–1083 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.011 CrossRef

12.

C. Boutari, N. Perakakis, C.S. Mantzoros, Association of adipokines with development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Endocrinol. Metab. (Seoul.) 33(1), 33–43 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2018.33.1.33 CrossRef

13.

S. Tonstad, J.P. Despres, Treatment of lipid disorders in obesity. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 9(8), 1069–1080 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1586/erc.11.83 CrossRefPubMed

14.

P. Blackburn, B. Lamarche, C. Couillard, A. Pascot, A. Tremblay, J. Bergeron, I. Lemieux, J.P. Despres, Contribution of visceral adiposity to the exaggerated postprandial lipemia of men with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 26(12), 3303–3309 (2003)CrossRef

15.

R.R. Emmons, C.E. Garber, C.M. Cirnigliaro, J.M. Moyer, S.C. Kirshblum, M.D. Galea, A.M. Spungen, W.A. Bauman, The influence of visceral fat on the postprandial lipemic response in men with paraplegia. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 29(5), 476–481 (2010)CrossRef

16.

N. Mekki, M.A. Christofilis, M. Charbonnier, C. Atlan-Gepner, C. Defoort, C. Juhel, P. Borel, H. Portugal, A.M. Pauli, B. Vialettes, D. Lairon, Influence of obesity and body fat distribution on postprandial lipemia and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in adult women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84(1), 184–191 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.1.5397 CrossRefPubMed

17.

G. Vansant, A. Mertens, E. Muls, Determinants of postprandial lipemia in obese women. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes. 23(Suppl 1), 14–21 (1999)CrossRef

18.

S. Dagogo-Jack, C. Fanelli, D. Paramore, J. Brothers, M. Landt, Plasma leptin and insulin relationships in obese and nonobese humans. Diabetes 45(5), 695–698 (1996)CrossRef

19.

M. Bueno, S. Esteba-Castillo, R. Novell, O. Gimenez-Palop, R. Coronas, E. Gabau, R. Corripio, N. Baena, M. Vinas-Jornet, M. Guitart, D. Torrents-Rodas, J. Deus, J. Pujol, M. Rigla, A. Caixas, Lack of postprandial peak in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome. PLoS ONE 11(9), e0163468 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163468 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

M.P. Maziarz, S. Preisendanz, S. Juma, V. Imrhan, C. Prasad, P. Vijayagopal, Resistant starch lowers postprandial glucose and leptin in overweight adults consuming a moderate-to-high-fat diet: a randomized-controlled trial. Nutr. J. 16(1), 14 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0235-8 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

E. Korek, H. Krauss, M. Gibas-Dorna, J. Kupsz, M. Piatek, J. Piatek, Fasting and postprandial levels of ghrelin, leptin and insulin in lean, obese and anorexic subjects. Prz. Gastroenterol. 8(6), 383–389 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2013.39922 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

P. Imbeault, E. Doucet, P. Mauriege, S. St-Pierre, C. Couillard, N. Almeras, J.P. Despres, A. Tremblay, Difference in leptin response to a high-fat meal between lean and obese men. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 101(4), 359–365 (2001)CrossRef

23.

G. Musso, R. Gambino, M. Durazzo, G. Biroli, M. Carello, E. Faga, G. Pacini, F. De Michieli, L. Rabbione, A. Premoli, M. Cassader, G. Pagano, Adipokines in NASH: postprandial lipid metabolism as a link between adiponectin and liver disease. Hepatology 42(5), 1175–1183 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20896 CrossRefPubMed

24.

A. Kennedy, J.P. Spiers, V. Crowley, E. Williams, F.E. Lithander, Postprandial adiponectin and gelatinase response to a high-fat versus an isoenergetic low-fat meal in lean, healthy men. Nutrition 31(6), 863–870 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.01.009 CrossRefPubMed

25.

P.J. English, S.R. Coughlin, K. Hayden, I.A. Malik, J.P. Wilding, Plasma adiponectin increases postprandially in obese, but not in lean, subjects. Obes. Res. 11(7), 839–844 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.115 CrossRefPubMed

26.

L.K. Phillips, J.M. Peake, X. Zhang, I.J. Hickman, D.R. Briskey, B.E. Huang, P. Simpson, S.H. Li, J.P. Whitehead, J.H. Martin, J.B. Prins, Postprandial total and HMW adiponectin following a high-fat meal in lean, obese and diabetic men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 67(4), 377–384 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.49 CrossRefPubMed

27.

P.W. Peake, A.D. Kriketos, G.S. Denyer, L.V. Campbell, J.A. Charlesworth, The postprandial response of adiponectin to a high-fat meal in normal and insulin-resistant subjects. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes. 27(6), 657–662 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802289 CrossRef

28.

A. Lozano, P. Perez-Martinez, C. Marin, F.J. Tinahones, J. Delgado-Lista, C. Cruz-Teno, P. Gomez-Luna, F. Rodriguez-Cantalejo, F. Perez-Jimenez, J. Lopez-Miranda, An acute intake of a walnut-enriched meal improves postprandial adiponectin response in healthy young adults. Nutr. Res. 33(12), 1012–1018 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.010 CrossRefPubMed

29.

T.D.S. Ferreira, V.P. Antunes, P.M. Leal, A.F. Sanjuliani, M. Klein, The influence of dietary and supplemental calcium on postprandial effects of a high-fat meal on lipaemia, glycaemia, C-reactive protein and adiponectin in obese women. Br. J. Nutr. 118(8), 607–615 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114517002525 CrossRefPubMed

30.

M.A. Larsen, R. Goll, S. Lekahl, O.S. Moen, J. Florholmen, Delayed clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in young, healthy obese subjects. Clin. Obes. 5(6), 349–357 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12118 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

31.

J.C. Cohen, Chylomicron triglyceride clearance: comparison of three assessment methods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49(2), 306–313 (1989)CrossRef

32.

A. Esteghamati, H. Ashraf, O. Khalilzadeh, A. Zandieh, M. Nakhjavani, A. Rashidi, M. Haghazali, F. Asgari, Optimal cut-off of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome: third national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in Iran (SuRFNCD-2007). Nutr. Metab. 7, 26 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-26 CrossRef

33.

P. Gayoso-Diz, A. Otero-Gonzalez, M.X. Rodriguez-Alvarez, F. Gude, F. Garcia, A. De Francisco, A.G. Quintela, Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord. 13, 47 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6823-13-47 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

P. Gayoso-Diz, A. Otero-Gonzalez, M.X. Rodriguez-Alvarez, F. Gude, C. Cadarso-Suarez, F. Garcia, A. De Francisco, Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) levels in a general adult population: curves percentile by gender and age. The EPIRCE study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 94(1), 146–155 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.07.015 CrossRefPubMed

35.

D.R. Matthews, J.P. Hosker, A.S. Rudenski, B.A. Naylor, D.F. Treacher, R.C. Turner, Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28(7), 412–419 (1985)CrossRef

36.

R.H. Lustig, S. Sen, J.E. Soberman, P.A. Velasquez-Mieyer, Obesity, leptin resistance, and the effects of insulin reduction. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. J. Int. Assoc. Study Obes. 28(10), 1344–1348 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802753 CrossRef

37.

T. Yamauchi, J. Kamon, Y. Minokoshi, Y. Ito, H. Waki, S. Uchida, S. Yamashita, M. Noda, S. Kita, K. Ueki, K. Eto, Y. Akanuma, P. Froguel, F. Foufelle, P. Ferre, D. Carling, S. Kimura, R. Nagai, B.B. Kahn, T. Kadowaki, Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat. Med. 8(11), 1288–1295 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm788 CrossRefPubMed

38.

J. Fruebis, T.S. Tsao, S. Javorschi, D. Ebbets-Reed, M.R. Erickson, F.T. Yen, B.E. Bihain, H.F. Lodish, Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98(4), 2005–2010 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.041591798 CrossRefPubMed

39.

Z.V. Wang, P.E. Scherer, Adiponectin, the past two decades. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 8(2), 93–100 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjw011 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

X. Hui, T. Feng, Q. Liu, Y. Gao, A. Xu, The FGF21-adiponectin axis in controlling energy and vascular homeostasis. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 8(2), 110–119 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjw013 CrossRefPubMed

41.

A. Iroz, A. Montagner, F. Benhamed, F. Levavasseur, A. Polizzi, E. Anthony, M. Regnier, E. Fouche, C. Lukowicz, M. Cauzac, E. Tournier, M. Do-Cruzeiro, M. Daujat-Chavanieu, S. Gerbal-Chalouin, V. Fauveau, S. Marmier, A.F. Burnol, S. Guilmeau, Y. Lippi, J. Girard, W. Wahli, R. Dentin, H. Guillou, C. Postic, A specific ChREBP and PPARalpha cross-talk is required for the glucose-mediated FGF21 response. Cell Rep. 21(2), 403–416 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.065 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

42.

P. Singh, P. Sharma, K.R. Sahakyan, D.E. Davison, F.H. Sert-Kuniyoshi, A. Romero-Corral, J.M. Swain, M.D. Jensen, F. Lopez-Jimenez, T. Kara, V.K. Somers, Differential effects of leptin on adiponectin expression with weight gain versus obesity. Int J. Obes. (Lond.) 40(2), 266–274 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.181 CrossRef

43.

L. Woodward, I. Akoumianakis, C. Antoniades, Unravelling the adiponectin paradox: novel roles of adiponectin in the regulation of cardiovascular disease. Br. J. Pharm. 174(22), 4007–4020 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13619 CrossRef

44.

S.D. Poppitt, F.E. Leahy, G.F. Keogh, Y. Wang, T.B. Mulvey, M. Stojkovic, Y.K. Chan, Y.S. Choong, B.H. McArdle, G.J. Cooper, Effect of high-fat meals and fatty acid saturation on postprandial levels of the hormones ghrelin and leptin in healthy men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(1), 77–84 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602270 CrossRefPubMed

45.

P.G. Cammisotto, M. Bendayan, Leptin secretion by white adipose tissue and gastric mucosa. Histol. Histopathol. 22(2), 199–210 (2007). https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-22.199 CrossRefPubMed

46.

Y. Minokoshi, C. Toda, S. Okamoto, Regulatory role of leptin in glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 16(Suppl 3), S562–S568 (2012). https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.105573 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

J.M. Rutkowski, J.H. Stern, P.E. Scherer, The cell biology of fat expansion. J. Cell Biol. 208(5), 501–512 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201409063 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

A. Engin, Adiponectin-resistance in obesity. Adv. Exp. Med Biol. 960, 415–441 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_18 CrossRefPubMed

Title: Postprandial leptin and adiponectin in response to sugar and fat in obese and normal weight individuals
Authors: M. A. Larsen
V. T. Isaksen
E. J. Paulssen
R. Goll
J. R. Florholmen
Publication date: 01-12-2019
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Obesity
Obesity
Glucose Tolerance Test
Published in: Endocrine / Issue 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1355-008X
Electronic ISSN: 1559-0100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02102-9

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Heart Failure Video

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Postprandial leptin and adiponectin in response to sugar and fat in obese and normal weight individuals

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on sleep in brain health

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2019

Variants in MCT10 protein do not affect FT3 levels in athyreotic patients

Unusual uptake of 131iodine in bilateral ovarian endometriosis cysts in a patient with thyroid cancer

Correction to: Thyroid hormone therapy: past, present, and future

Ultrasound combined with biochemical parameters can predict parathyroid carcinoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

A nomogram for predicting the presence of germline mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review

ACC 2024 Congress Coverage

Year in Review: Heart failure and cardiomyopathies

Semaglutide benefits people with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related heart failure

Incentivised to exercise

New intervention for STEMI-related cardiogenic shock

» View more highlights on the ACC 2024 congress hub page