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Current HIV/AIDS Reports
Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports 5/2022

05-08-2022 | Vaccination | Complications of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy (GA McComsey, Section Editor)

COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV

Authors: Matthew A. Spinelli, Benjamin L. H. Jones, Monica Gandhi

Published in: Current HIV/AIDS Reports | Issue 5/2022

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this review, we examine the intersection of the HIV and COVID-19 epidemics with focus on COVID-19-related health outcomes and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among people living with HIV (PLWH).

Recent Findings

Evidence to date do not suggest a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH compared to the general population, although—once exposed—PLWH are at greater risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Key risk factors for severe COVID-19 include non-HIV comorbidities known to be associated with severe disease, as well as HIV-specific risk factors such as low CD4 + T-cell count, unsuppressed viral load, and tuberculosis co-infection. The disproportionate impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among Black, Latinx, and Native American/Alaskan Native PLWH could worsen pre-existing disparities in health outcomes among PLWH. Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection among PLWH needs additional study, although some studies suggest decreased humoral responses among those with low CD4 + T-cell counts, while there is a signal of increased vaccine breakthrough rates among PLWH in two large observational cohorts. Data on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) among PLWH is also limited.

Summary

PLWH do not have a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, but once exposed, they are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Additional resources will need to be dedicated to the development of interventions to improve health outcomes and address disparities among PLWH impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Metadata
Title
COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV
Authors
Matthew A. Spinelli
Benjamin L. H. Jones
Monica Gandhi
Publication date
05-08-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current HIV/AIDS Reports / Issue 5/2022
Print ISSN: 1548-3568
Electronic ISSN: 1548-3576
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-022-00618-w

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