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Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12/2016

01-12-2016 | Immunotherapy and Immunomodulators (B Vickery, Section Editor)

Epigenetic Changes During Food-Specific Immunotherapy

Authors: Bryan J. Bunning, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Kari C. Nadeau

Published in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Issue 12/2016

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The prevalence and severity of IgE-mediated food allergy has increased dramatically over the last 15 years and is becoming a global health problem. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that epigenetic modifications of the genome resulting from gene-environment interactions have a key role in the increased prevalence of atopic disease. In this review, we describe the recent evidence suggesting how epigenetic changes mediate susceptibility to food allergies, and discuss how immunotherapy (IT) may reverse these effects. We discuss the areas of the epigenome as yet unexplored in terms of food allergy and IT such as histone modification and chromatin accessibility, and new techniques that may be utilized in future studies.

Recent Findings

Recent findings provide strong evidence that DNA methylation of certain promoter regions such as Forkhead box protein 3 is associated with clinical reactivity, and further, can be changed during IT treatment. Reports on other epigenetic changes are limited but also show evidence of significant change based on both disease status and treatment.

Summary

In comparison to epigenetic studies focusing on asthma and allergic rhinitis, food allergy remains understudied. However, within the next decade, it is likely that epigenetic modifications may be used as biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and treatment of food-allergic patients. DNA methylation at specific loci has shown associations between food challenge outcomes, successful desensitization treatment, and overall phenotype compared to healthy controls.
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Metadata
Title
Epigenetic Changes During Food-Specific Immunotherapy
Authors
Bryan J. Bunning
Rosemarie H. DeKruyff
Kari C. Nadeau
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-016-0665-y

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